Needs of Specific Groups of Disabled or Older People

Needs of Specific Groups of Disabled or Older PeopleOutlining the impairments, conditions, objurgates, and inescapably of specific groups of disabled or older tidy sumRhojoesa Bingayen3.1-3.3A. People with autism spectrum disorders (ASD)AutismAutism is a complex developmental disorder of thought function accompanied by a broad range of severity of intellectual and demeanoral deficits. It unremarkably begins within the first two-and-a-half years of a barbarians life-time (Gillberg et.al., 2011). It causes affected tikeren to experience the world differently from the way most early(a) kids do. Autistic baberen often appear normal corpor in ally merely their conduct whitethorn often times seem strange and disturbing as compared to normal children.Autism is marked by three prominent symptoms, which are impairments in social interaction, impairment in colloquy, and insistent deportment. Children with autism display extreme rum demeanours in the sense that they might eit her be overly competitive or abnormally passive. They do not join with opposite mountain most them and do not reciprocate to converse verbal or nonverbal. Their social gestateions are limited to extreme display of emotions equivalent screaming, clamorous or laughing profusely with infrequent signs of subtle evokeion such as smiling or frowning. They do not establish and hold back eye contact when communicating. They develop r bug outines and are resistant to changes in their routines, they come hurly burly when their routines are broken. People with autism tend to exhibit compulsive behaviour and develop ritualistic behaviour in their daily routine. Common repetitive behaviours include hand-flapping, head banging, rocking, jumping and twirling, arranging and rearranging objects and repeating sounds or words.Consequencesa. individualDiscrimination due to an ill childs abnormal behavior, masses around him whitethorn discriminate him, brand him as crazy and they wh itethorn acquire prejudgements about(predicate) him.Isolation because he is being discriminated upon, he whitethorn further keep apart himself and not connect with other people anymorePotential for neglect because of his unfitness to demo himself, his family and superintendrs whitethorn not know what he wants or postulates leading to neglectPotential for blackguard due to his grueling behaviour, his family and sustenancers may be frustrated leading to potential somatogenetic or verbal abuseLow self-assertion because he is different from others, his self-esteem may become lowerPotential for self-mutilation his repetitive and unusual behaviours may emergence in harming himself. If he is disrupted from his routines, he may pitch tantrums and hurt himself.b. Family show unvaryingly lovingness and managing the difficult behaviour of an ill child abide be actually nerve-racking to the familyExhaustion the physical demands of caring for an sick child squirt be very(prenominal) drop leading to exhaustion. Autistic children often pack disturbed sleep traffic pattern and they need unremitting supervision which is physically exhausting. hit the ceiling out constant characterisation to stress and exhaustion puke lead to rationalize out of the family. They may know sequesterd and depressed and may reach good luck point if they dont get help.Guilt the parents may feel feelings of guilt and blame themselves for the condition of their child.Embarrassment because of the unusual behaviour of the autistic child, the family may feel embarrassed especially when they are in overt placesIsolation due to embarrassment, they may opt to stay at house and not socialize anymorefiscal problems autistic children may need more for his unavoidably, therapies and medications and the family may struggle with their finances.c. CarersStress constantly take dish outing after an autistic child and managing his unusual behaviour mickle be very st ressful to the carer. When the childs routine is disrupted and he gets very upset, he may throw tantrums presentting the carer chthonian stress.Exhaustion physical demands of caring for an autistic child is tiring and groundwork lead to exhaustion. The child may be overly passive or overly agile and they may be very difficult to handle leading to exhaustion.Burn out constant exposure to stress can lead to burn out. This may cause the carer to lose interest in taking care of the child leading to neglect and abuse.May give up assembly line the carer may be unable to cope with the dispute behaviours of the child and may give up caring for the childImpact on the watchive(a) dynamic of the familyAutism affects not only the individual but the whole family. An autistic child may have unusual behaviours, difficulty expressing himself and difficulty connecting with people. This can cause parents to have a hard time accepting the childs condition and they may feel very frustrated o f not being able to connect with their child. Autism may be very kindle for them and they may feel very depressed about the condition of their child. Stress due to unusual behaviours can lead to burn out and feelings of emptiness. They may feel anger, resentment and guilt. All the family members may feel isolated and powerless and they may neglect themselves putting forward the needs of their autistic child. Autism can either bind the whole family giving stay to each other while caring for the autistic child or the constant exposure of the family in a stressful environment may lead to their fall out as a family.Code of unspoileds rectify to be hardened with respectEven though a child is autistic, he is hitherto a tender being and has the right to be treated with respect whatever behaviour he may display. Even if he cannot express himself, he notwithstanding has the right to have his own privacy respected.Right to freedom from favouritism, coercion, curse and growingHis un usual behaviours make him prone to discrimination and his unfitness to connect and carry with people can lead to exploitation and abuse. People should rescue in mind that he is a human being and have the right to freedom from discrimination, coercion, harassment and exploitation.Right to gravitas and independenceFamily and carers must ensure that his dignity and independence is upheld. As much as practicable promote independence to the child, encourage him to do things to addition his self-esteem and dignity.Right to operate of an appropriate standardThe family should be do aware of the work that they can tap for the benefit of their autistic child. The child should not be denied of services appropriate for him and his family to optimise their quality of life. He is entitled to early intervention services and special education.Right to impressive communionDue to inability to express himself, people should try all meat to pass off effectively with him so that he may de rive instruction conveyed to him.Right to be fully sensibleEven if he cannot reveal effectively, an autistic person together with his family still have the right to be fully informed of whatever procedure or services that provide be through with(p) to him.Right to advocateThe need of an autistic child is different from normal kids and they may need enormous come up of support. As an individual, they have the right to be given the support that they need. pay needsAutistic children need early and life-long intervention to practise their behaviour and enhance their communication skills. Early intensive behavioural therapies in youth autistic children are effective in improving their social and communication skills and it can promote their independence as an individual.There are support groups that are uncommitted for families and their autistic child so that they can intermit deal with autism and optimize their lives. These groups provide counselling, behavioural therapies, accommodation and supported living, rift services, training and education, and day services. These groups areAutism Parent Support GroupAutism Therapy GroupsAutism NZ all AutismMental Health Foundation NZIntellectually Handicapped Children (IHC)Ministry of Education regulate Health BoardsB. People with hallucinations3.1-3.3DementiaAccording to Alzheimers New Zealand (2012), derangement occurs as a result of physical changes in the structure of the brain. These changes can affect memory, thinking, behaviour, personality and emotion. Because dementia is a progressive syndrome, symptoms will gradually worsen. Plaques and tangles form in the brain and spread by means of the intellectual cortex as dementia progresses causing the nerve cells to die. The plaques and tangles disrupt the messages within the brain, alter the connections between the brain cells. The brain shrinks due to injustice of nerve cells, the cerebral cortex (gray matter) become less and the spaces between the cells become wider thus losing communication between the nerve cells. This leads to slower or no reaction at all and redness of ability to think and make decisions.The disease is characterized by gradual memory loss decline in ability to effect tasks impairment in cognitive functioning like impaired judgement, decision-making, abduct and logical thinking disorientation changes in mood and behavior and loss of language skills.ConsequencesIndividualConfusion due to his loss of memory and inability to recognize things, he may be confused with all the things and people that surround him and this may cause him to be anxious and show challenging behavioursFrustration because of his difficulty remembering and expressing his thoughts, he might be upset and frustrated with himselfDisplay difficult behaviours to compensate for his inability to express and communicate effectively, he may display difficult and aggressive behaviours to try and express what he wantsPotential for self-injury his inability to recognize dangerous things may seat harm to him and his constant wandering and not finding his way around can as well pose danger to himIsolation because he have difficulty remembering people, he might isolate himself or the people around him might not connect with himPotential for self-neglect as dementia progresses, he will become slower and more confused and may need constant reminding about his need to eat, to drink, to go to the toilet or have a wash and get dressed.Potential for abuse when he displays difficult behaviour, his family and carers may get frustrated and irritated which can result to physical or verbal abuseFamilyStress Constantly caring for a dementia knob everyday can be stressful to the family especially the family member who is assigned to take care of the client. This can be physically and emotionally tiring leading to exhaustion and burnoutFrustration when the client shows challenging behaviours, the family may feel frustrated and irritated because they may not know how to handle himIsolation because they have to constantly look after the client, they may lose relationships and social contacts which can lead to isolation. They may also feel embarrassed with the odd behaviour of the client causing them to isolate themselves.Depression the condition of the client may cause them sadness and depression, the loss of the person they once knew can result to feelings of loss and griefFinancial problem the family may not be able to constantly look after the client and may hire a carer or put him to a nursing home which can drain their resourcesRole changes the family may have to assume the role the client used to have like if he is the head of the family, his spouse or eldest child may have to manage their finances and decision making.CarersStress Because dementia clients cannot communicate effectively what they need or want, they may display difficult behaviours to express themselves. The healthcare worker may h ave difficulty understanding the client which can put them under stress.Exhaustion Constantly working and spirit after a dementia client is very physically demanding and this can result to tiredness and exhaustion. Challenging behaviour of the client, wandering around, incontinence and inability to communicate properly can be very stressing to the healthcare worker.Burnout constant exposure to stress can lead to burn out and they may lose interest in taking care of the client.Potential to abuse client due to the challenging behaviour of a dementia client, they may also become aggressive and violent, the carers may lose patience which can result to abuse of the client physically or verbally.Impact on the diverse dynamic of the familyThe family may go through a stool of emotions upon diagnosis of a family member with dementia. The client may be listless to what is happening around him due to memory changes and it is the family that will go through the process of loss and grief. The family may grieve over the loss of the person they used to know and love, they may grieve over the loss of relationship, or they may grieve over the loss of the future they have aforethought(ip) together. The difficult and challenging behaviour of the client can put them under so much stress which can lead to exhaustion or burn out. Taking care of the client with dementia everyday can be overwhelming for them and may either strengthen their family or step down them.Code of RightsRight to be treated with respectA dementia client has the right to be treated with respect whatever behaviour he may display. Even if he cannot express himself, he still has the right to have his own privacy respected.Right to freedom from discrimination, coercion, harassment and exploitationHis unusual behaviours make him prone to discrimination and his inability to connect and communicate with people can lead to exploitation and abuse. People should bear in mind that he is a human being and have the right to freedom from discrimination, coercion, harassment and exploitation.Right to dignity and independenceFamily and carers must ensure that his dignity and independence is upheld. As much as possible promote independence and encourage him to do things for himself to increase his self-esteem and dignity.Right to services of an appropriate standardThe family should be made aware of the services that they can avail for the benefit of the dementia client. He should not be denied of services appropriate for him and his family to optimise their quality of life.Right to effective communicationDue to inability to express himself, people should try all means to communicate effectively with him so that he may understand information conveyed to him.Right to be fully informedEven if he cannot communicate effectively, the client should still have the right to be fully informed of whatever procedure or services that will be done to him.Right to supportThe client has the right to be given the support he needed and be supported by carers of his choice.Support needsDementia clients have varying needs according to the severity of their disease. nearly may need constant reminders only due to their memory changes and virtually may need full assistance because they have forgotten how to do their ADLs. Dementia is a progressive disease and as the clients condition worsens over time, they may need constant support and care throughout the course of their disease.Dementia not only affects the individual but also his family and carers, this is life-changing for all of them. They may need people who can rattling understand what they are going through. There are support groups visible(prenominal) for families and carers where they can connect and access services. These groups provide counselling and stress focussing techniques provide support system like personal care, domestic care and carer support share knowledge and information on how to effectively manage challenging behav iours provide education and training provide links to resources available in the community like facilities/institutions who provides respite care, day care services, posing services and others. These groups areAlzheimers New ZealandAge Concernresidential care FacilitiesHome Based ServicesHealth and Disability CommissionerCitizens Advice wayWork and IncomeMinistry of HealthDistrict Health Boards3.4 ReferencesAlzheimers New Zealand (2012). Retrieved from http//www.alzheimers.org.nz/about-dementia/what-is-dementiasthash.tFkup8ng.dpufAutism Speaks Inc. (2014). Autism and your family. Retrieved from http//www.autismspeaks.org/what-autism/autism-your-familyCareerforce (n.d.) fraternity support services for people with dementia. Retrieved from http//ilearn.careerforce.org.nz/mod/book/view.php?id=272Gillberg, C., Hollander, E., Kolevson, A. (2011). Textbook of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Virginia, regular army American Psychiatric Publishing Inc.Rhojoesa BingayenPage 1