European History - The Spread of Christianity :: European Europe History

The Spread of ChristianityThe spread of Christianity overtime replaced the erstwhile(a) warrior religion changing the way of life, and at the giving it overbold meaning. With the coming of Christianity a hope for poets also came about. As the conversion of Ireland to Christianity took place a new era known as Irelands Golden Age began to produce over. Christian munks worked hard preserving literature of the ancient world and works of popular last. Due to the rapid growth of Christianity the Anglo-Saxons were given a greenness faith, a common system of morality and right conduct, linking England with Europe. Anglo-Saxon religion was establish on ethics. It was the earthly values such as bravery, loyalty, generosity, and friendship that Anglo-Saxon life was based upon. The Anglo-Saxon religion derived from Germany and was very similar to Scandinavian mythology. They had gods for any and everything that all played important roles in everyday life. Symbols like the dragon and the swa stika are also a part of the religion that cant be forgotten. In 432 Celtic Ireland was born-again to Christianity by Patricius. Patricius, a Romanized Briton became a bishop and gradually started converting people to Christianity. It was when the balance of Europe sank into constant warfare confusion, and ignorance that Ireland experienced a Golden Age. In Ireland Christianity was said to have, burned and gleamed through the darkness, in the words of Winston Churchill. If it hadnt been for the Irish missionaries that converted the Anglo-Saxon kings and the constant reemergence of Christianity in Britain, even king Alfred might have failed to unify the Anglo-Saxons . The Anglo-Saxons fought hard under Christianity and Alfred to protect their people, their culture, and their church from the Danes. Eventually Christianity took over and the old warrior religion was forgotten. In the Anglo-Saxon world poets could only hope that heroic deeds would be enshrined in the societys memory. Christianity on the other hand brought them new hope. Monasteries were for learning, and continue Latin, Greek, and popular literature. Day and night the church had the munks copying manuscripts by hand completely silent. If it hadnt been for the coming of Christianity the literature of the ancient world and the literature of popular culture would be nonexistent.

Symbolism in The Farming of Bones by Edwidge Danticat Essay -- Farming

Symbolism in The Farming of Bones by Edwidge Danticat Edwidge Danticats novel, The Farming of Bones is an epic portrayal of the relationship amidst Haitians and Dominicans under the rule of Generalissimo Rafael Trujillo leading up to the Slaughter of 1937. The novel revolves around a few main concepts, these being birth, death, identity, and place and displacement. Each of the aspects is be by an inanimate object. weewee, dreams, twins, and masks make up these representations. Symbolism is consistent throughout the novel and gives the clearly stated and unsophisticated language a deeper more convoluted meaning. While on the surface the novel is an easy read, the symbol which is prominent throughout the novel complicates the audiences interpretation. The reader is left to look beyond the language and let on the underlying themes of the novel. Through symbolism Danticat is qualified to use inanimate objects to represent each of her characters more deeply rooted problems. In orde r to prove this conjecture true, I will thoroughly examine the aforementioned symbolic devices and provide a clear interpretation of their significance in the novel.The first example of symbolism we encounter is in the first chapter and comes in the form of dreams. When Amabelle and Sebastian open up to one another it is through their shared experiences, which are most usually, their dreams. They are able to be the most themselves when they are not in real life experiences, though it sounds like an oxymoron, the juxtapose between dreams and reality says a great lead about the characters. Dreams are essentially safety valves from reality, and when Amabelle and Sebastian share their dreams with one another it serves as an escape. It renders clear that they share the desire to escape, plainly escape from what exactly, their pasts, presence, or futures? This implication of escape prepares readers for the escapes made by the lovers near the end of the story. On page 2 Amabelle says of her nocturnal escapes, Its either be in a nightmare or be nowhere at all. Or otherwise simply float inside these remembrances, grieving for who I was, and even more for what Ive become. This quotation implies that that even her life has become a nightmare. Readers can infer that a good nights sleep would be Amabelles only chance of escape. Her nightmares are destroying her life, and her life... ...he offered it to him. The Farming of Bones is not only an awed gain of literature, but a wonderful example of post-colonial literature. It has all the classic experiential images dualism, confrontation, liberation, and identity. The presence of symbolism throughout the novel is undeniable. Each of the symbols in the work are representative of a certain aspect of the characters lives. Dreams showed readers the desire of characters to escape their realities. The twins that Senora Valencia gives birth to are clearly meant to represent the neighboring nations of Haiti and The Dominican R epublic. Water is primarily symbolic of life and death, but in this case readers are expected to come to their own conclusions regarding the river. Using these symbols allows the author to make discrete just important adjuncts to her writing without disrupting the format of the novel. Aside from serving as a benefit to the authors writing style, they can also be seen as an artistic addition which brings the entire novel to a different level. The use of symbolism in The Farming of Bones is not only extraordinarily well written but also completely essential to the story as a whole.

The World Church of the Creator :: Religion Racism White Supremacy Essays

The World Church of the Creator Free speech comes in many forms, slightly offensive and some non-offensive. One of the more offensive sites on the Internet is the homepage for the World Church of the Creator. This site supports an extreme tweed supremacist point of view whose followers, from my interlingual rendition of the site, believe that all races, except for the white race, atomic number 18 inferior. The site is also extremely anti-Semitic. In short, according to the site, if someone is not white and Christian, then they are no one. First, this site has an extreme belief in white supremacy.The followers of the World Church of the Creator have an extreme belief in white supremacy. For example, the slogan of the World Church of the Creator is Let us work together to build a whiter and brighter world (World Church of). Throughout the numerous pages of the site, at that place are many references to the superiority of the white race. Their monthly publication, The Struggle, is dedicated to survival, expansion, and advancement of the white race. (World Church of). They even try to explain that there is a sooner large biological difference between the different races of the world. The Reverend Matt Hale goes into a detailed explanation about the biological differences between races. For example, he says thatThere are only two ways people can be equal. One way is to be the same physically the other is to be the same psychogenicly. Considering the former first, are people the same physically? No. We have tall and short, thin and fat, young and old, White and Black, strong and weak, fast and slow, gain all sorts of mediums and in-betweens. No equality is to be seen among individuals. As to differences among races, there are many differences such as head shape and facial features, physical matureness at birth, brain formation and cranial capacity, visual and auditory acuity, body size and proportions, number of vertebrae, blood types, bone density, length of gestation period, number and diffusion of sweat glands, rate of infant development of alpha brain waves, fingerprints, ability to digest milk, hair forms and distribution, odor, colorblindness, genetic diseases (such as sickle cell anemia and Tay Sachs), electric skin resistance, pigmentation of the skin and eyes, and susceptibility to infectious diseases. If there are this many physical differences, it would be silly to think that there would be no mental differences, and indeed we do find that they not only exist, but are of great significance.

Basketball Needs To Be Fixed Essay -- essays research papers

Basketb solely Needs to Be FixedProfessional and college basketball game have become very popular in thehearts and minds of many Americans. Millions of dollars a year are spent onapparel, tickets, and television all generated by peoples love for basketball.But in the last couple of years, both the National Basketball Association (NBA)and college basketball have lost a substantial make sense of their competition andhave caught much criticizim for it. At the heart of this problem is a singlecause, greed. The game of basketball has become all ab give away money alternatively of thegame and its fans. This problem inevitably to be addressed, and the best place tostart is with the college players, or more specifically, the NBA draft. Therules and guidelines that pertain to the draft are greatly at blot for the downslide of both college and NBA basketball and they need to be changed before thegame down slides into nonhing.The changes that need to be made are simple, underclassmen shou ld not beeligible for the NBA draft or in other words, if you have years of eligibilityleft, you should not be eligible to be drafted by an NBA team. What problemswould this solve? The answer is just about problems in basketball today.First, college basketball has paid greatly by losing its most talentedplayers to the NBA as many as three years early. This has resulted in not onlyan overall lessening of the game, but in certain circumstances caused thedownfall of once great basketball programs. This is how it happens, collegesrecruit players based on what their needs are or what they will need shortly inthe future. So let us say that one school has a great summation of sophomore andjunior players for an upcoming eon. The coaches do not have the need or theroom for many new top notch players. So all of the top recruits find otherschools to go to. Then, let us say that the great core of players leaves forthe NBA, leaving the team with mediocre players and a horrible season to lookf orward to. By the next recruiting period comes around, the schools re limitationhas been hurt, and so has their chances of landing the top recruits. Thiscontinues until the schools once proud basketball tradition is a involvement of thepast. This situation is not only hypothetical, schools like UNLV, Georgetown,Seton Hall, and Hous... ...ard spiral. That is how players salaries have rose to absurd limits. Noone noticed the problem while it was happening, but now that it is a problemthere is no real way to fix it. In 1996, a rookie salary cap was put intoeffect by the NBA to put a limit on beginning salaries, so some measures arebeing taken. This is a start, but it is not the answer to the problem. Ifunderclassmen were not allowed to come out early, high rookie salaries would nothave to be as high, and the players would probably be more accepting of lessmoney than most rookies are acquire now, and this would help solve the all-around money problem in the NBA.Both the NBA and colle ge basketball seem to be in a rut. And as statedbefore, they reason out is the underclassmen leaving school early to make money inthe NBA. So whats the solution? Easy, do not let the college players enterthe NBA draft early. It would benefit everyone in the future. Of course therewould be a transitional period, but the losses would be short and the effects ofthe change would be evident very quickly. allow the game be played the way it wasmeant to be played, for the competition and not for the money.

Baldwins Notes of a Native Son Essay -- James Baldwin

In My Fathers EyesThe essay Notes of a Native Son takes place at a very volatile time in history. The story was written during a time of hate and inconsistency toward African Americans in the United States. James Baldwin, the author of this work is African American himself. His writing, along with his thoughts and ideas were greatly influenced by the events happening at the time. At the get down of the essay, Baldwin makes a point to mention that it was the summer of 1943 and that race riots were occurring in Detroit. The story itself takes place in Harlem, a predominantly black area experiencing much of the curse and inequalities that many African-Americans were facing throughout the country. This marks the beginning of a long narrative section that Baldwin introduces his readers to before going into any analysis at all. end-to-end Baldwins essay he strategically weaves narrative, analytical, and argumentative selections together. The effect that Baldwin has on the reader when using this technique is extremely powerful. Baldwin combines both private and public personal matters in this essay, which accentuates the analysis and argument sections throughout the work. Baldwins ability to shift between narrative and argument so smoothly goes mountain in hand with the ideas and events that Baldwin discusses in his essay. He includes many powerful and symbolic binaries throughout the essay that help to develop the key themes and principles pertaining to his life. The most powerful and important binaries that appear in this essay are Life and Death.The key themes of Baldwins essay are love, offense, rage, and anger. These themes quickly transform into recurring strands that Baldwin applies throughout his essay. These ... ... in the last paragraph of the essay. Here, he experiences an awakening. By combining heart and hatred in the same sentence, Baldwin weaves the terms that were once binaries into strands. He makes the terms fit together, rath er than making them clash. Baldwin says, This fight begins, however, in the heart and it now had been laid to my charge to keep my own heart free of hatred and despair (84). It is his duty to free his heart of any hatred and despair that he has experienced. He comes to realize that injustice is commonplace among mankind and that he must(prenominal) continue to fight it. The fight begins in his heart, implying that he must let his heart be free of hatred and despair before he can begin to fight. Works CitedBaldwin, James. Notes of a Native Son. 1955. James Baldwin accumulate Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York Library of America, 1998. 63-84.

Baldwins Notes of a Native Son Essay -- James Baldwin

In My Fathers EyesThe essay Notes of a Native Son takes place at a very volatile time in history. The story was written during a time of hate and variation toward African Americans in the United States. James Baldwin, the author of this work is African American himself. His writing, along with his thoughts and ideas were greatly influenced by the events happening at the time. At the extraction of the essay, Baldwin makes a point to mention that it was the summer of 1943 and that race riots were occurring in Detroit. The story itself takes place in Harlem, a predominantly black area experiencing much of the execration and inequalities that many African-Americans were facing throughout the country. This marks the beginning of a long narrative section that Baldwin introduces his readers to before going into any analysis at all.throughout Baldwins essay he strategically weaves narrative, analytical, and argumentative selections together. The effect that Baldwin has on the read er when using this technique is extremely powerful. Baldwin combines both private and public personal business in this essay, which accentuates the analysis and argument sections throughout the work. Baldwins ability to shift between narrative and argument so smoothly goes deal in hand with the ideas and events that Baldwin discusses in his essay. He includes many powerful and symbolic binaries throughout the essay that help to develop the key themes and principles pertaining to his life. The most powerful and important binaries that appear in this essay are Life and Death.The key themes of Baldwins essay are love, nuisance, rage, and anger. These themes quickly transform into recurring strands that Baldwin applies throughout his essay. These ... ... in the last paragraph of the essay. Here, he experiences an awakening. By combining heart and hatred in the same sentence, Baldwin weaves the terms that were once binaries into strands. He makes the terms fit together, rath er than making them clash. Baldwin says, This fight begins, however, in the heart and it now had been laid to my charge to keep my own heart free of hatred and despair (84). It is his duty to free his heart of any hatred and despair that he has experienced. He comes to realize that injustice is commonplace among mankind and that he moldiness continue to fight it. The fight begins in his heart, implying that he must let his heart be free of hatred and despair before he can begin to fight. Works CitedBaldwin, James. Notes of a Native Son. 1955. James Baldwin pile up Essays. Ed. Toni Morrison. New York Library of America, 1998. 63-84.

Income and Analytic Skills

Principles of Macroeconomics, 9e TB1 (Case/Fair/Oster) Chapter 6 Measuring National Output and National Income 6. 1 acknowledges Domestic convergence 1 Multiple Choice 1) The total market apprize of all last profounds and services produced within a given purpose by cistrons of work located within a country is A) take in domestic crossway. B) gross bailiwick product. C) net national product. D) net national income. execute A Diff 1 military issue unrefined Domestic mathematical product scientific discipline Definition 2) unwashed domestic product measures A) the total expenditure of everyone in the parsimoniousness. B) the harbor of all output in the economy. C) he total income of everyone in the economy. D) all of the above reception D Diff 2 egress Gross Domestic harvest-home acquisition Definition 3) Which of the following is an exemplification of a final good or service? A) wheat a bakery procures to make bread B) umber beans Starbucks purchases to make coffee C) lumber purchased by a construction company to used in building houses D) a computer purchased by Federal render to track shipments root D Diff 2 yield Gross Domestic Product adroitness abstract AACSB pondering opinion 4) Which of the following is a good or service counted in gross domestic product? A) tires Ford buys to put on a gondola car B) used tire you buy for your personal car C) a new tire you buy for your personal car D) used tires bought by a used car dealer to put on a car on his lot execute C Diff 2 composition Gross Domestic Product acquirement conceptual AACSB thoughtful cerebration 5) Which of the following is an example of an intermediate good? A) the dough you buy to fix yourself a pizza for dinner B) the chocolate you buy to make yourself some cookies C) the pizza sauce you purchase to make pizzas to sell for a fund-raiser for an organization you belong to D) lumber you buy to build a house for your dog set C Diff 2 subject Gross Domestic P roduct adroitness Conceptual AACSB meditative Thinking 6) Double counting can be avoided by A) including the think of of intermediate goods in the current year. B) non counting the value of intermediate goods in gross domestic product. C) including the value of intermediate goods in the gross national product just now not in the gross domestic product. D) including the value of intermediate goods in the employment year but not in the change year of those goods. wait on B Diff 2 head Gross Domestic Product readiness Conceptual AACSB pondering Thinking 7) Which of the following would NOT be counted in cc7s gross domestic product? A) the value of a 2005 boat you purchase from a boat dealer in 2007 B) he 2007 salary of a used motorcycle gross salesperson C) the commissions earned by a real estate agent in selling condominiums construct prior to 2007 D) the value of a refrigerator manufactured in 2007 but not sold in 2007 Answer A Diff 2 number Gross Domestic Product Skill C onceptual AACSB Reflective Thinking 8) Which of the following would be counted in 2003s gross domestic product? A) the value of a loan you take in 2003 B) the value of a TV that was produced in 2002 but not sold until 2003 C) the bonus check a tunebroker gets from his/her company in 2003 D) the value of a tie down sold by the federal government AnswerC Diff 2 Topic Gross Domestic Product Skill Conceptual AACSB Reflective Thinking 9) Which of the following is NOT included in 2008s GDP? A) the value of a motorcycle produced in the United States and exported to Japan B) the profit earned in 2008 from selling a stock that you purchased in 2005 C) the value of a motor that is used in the production of a lawn mower D) the commission earned by a headhunter when she locates a job for a client Answer B Diff 2 Topic Gross Domestic Product Skill Conceptual AACSB Reflective Thinking 10) Gross national product is the total market value ofA) all final and intermediate goods and service produced by resources owned by a country in a given year. B) all final and intermediate goods and services produced in a country, regard slight(prenominal) of who owns the resources. C) all final goods and services produced in a country in a given year, regardless of who owns the resources. D) all final goods and services produced by resources owned by a country, regardless of where production takes place. Answer D Diff 1 Topic Gross Domestic Product Skill Definition 11) If no foreign companies produce in a country, but many of the countrys companies produce abroad, then A) he countrys GNP pull up stakes tend to exceed its GDP. B) the countrys GDP will tend to exceed its GNP. C) the countrys GNP and GDP will tend to be equal. D) the countrys GDP will tend to be equal to its domestic income. Answer A Diff 2 Topic Gross Domestic Product Skill Conceptual AACSB Reflective Thinking 12) Which of the following is included in both the U. S. GDP and GNP? A) The value of all cars produced by Ford in Mexico. B) The value of all cars produced by General Motors in the U. S. C) The value of all cars produced by Toyota in the U. S. D) The value of cars produced by Nissan in Japan and the U. S. AnswerB Diff 2 Topic Gross Domestic Product Skill Conceptual AACSB Reflective Thinking 13) Which of the following is NOT counted in the GNP of the United States? A) The net income of a U. S. citizen who works in a foreign country for a foreign firm. B) The interest earned by a U. S. bank on loans to a business firm located in Brazil. C) The profit earned by a restaurant located in the United States but owned by a Mexican company. D) The value of services that are produced by state and local governments in the United States. Answer C Diff 2 Topic Gross Domestic Product Skill Conceptual AACSB Reflective Thinking 14)The value of what KFC produces in Japan is included in the U. S. ________ and in the Japanese ________. A) GDP GDP B) GNP GNP C) GNP GDP D) GDP GNP Answer C Diff 2 Topic Gross Domes tic Product Skill Conceptual AACSB Reflective Thinking 15) Profits earned in the United States by foreign-owned companies are included in A) the U. S. GDP but not GNP. B) neither the U. S. GDP nor GNP. C) the U. S. GNP but not GDP. D) both the U. S. GDP and GNP. Answer A Diff 1 Topic Gross Domestic Product Skill Conceptual AACSB Reflective Thinking 16) The GDP of the U. S. in 2002 was around $10 trillion. This means A) hat the value of output in the U. S. in 2002 was around $10 trillion. B) that total income in the U. S. in 2002 was around $10 trillion. C) that total spending on final goods and services in the U. S. in 2002 was around $10 trillion. D) all of the above Answer D Diff 2 Topic Gross Domestic Product Skill Conceptual AACSB Reflective Thinking 17) The GDP includes A) the value of all intermediate goods and services. B) the value of all final goods and services. C) the value of both intermediate and final goods and services. D) the value of all transactions. Answer B Diff 2 Topic Gross Domestic Product Skill ConceptualAACSB Reflective Thinking 18) Income Mexican citizens earn in the U. S. counts in A) U. S. GNP. B) Mexican GNP. C) Mexican GDP. D) both U. S. and Mexican GDP. Answer B Diff 2 Topic Gross Domestic Product Skill Conceptual AACSB Reflective Thinking 2 True/False 1) GDP measures the total income of everyone and the total spending by everyone in the economy. Answer FALSE Diff 1 Topic Gross Domestic Product Skill Conceptual AACSB Reflective Thinking 2) Total income in the economy can sometimes be greater than total spending. Answer FALSE Diff 2 Topic Gross Domestic Product Skill Conceptual AACSB Reflective Thinking ) The income of U. S. citizens working abroad counts in U. S. GDP. Answer FALSE Diff 2 Topic Gross Domestic Product Skill Conceptual AACSB Reflective Thinking 4) Stock market transactions are part of GNP. Answer FALSE Diff 2 Topic Gross Domestic Product Skill Conceptual AACSB Reflective Thinking 5) Value added is the difference bet ween the value of good as they leave a stage of production and cost of the goods as they entered that stage of production. Answer TRUE Diff 2 Topic Gross Domestic Product Skill Definition 6. 2 designing GDP 1 Multiple Choice 1) The compare for GDP using the expenditure approach isA) GDP = C + I + G + EX IM. B) GDP = C + I + G + (IM EX). C) GDP = C + I + G + EX + IM. D) GDP = C + I + G EX IM. Answer A Diff 1 Topic collusive GDP Skill Definition 2) The single largest expenditure component in GDP is A) government spending. B) enthronisation. C) consumption. D) net exports. Answer C Diff 1 Topic collusive GDP Skill Fact bear upon to the information provided in tabulate 6. 1 below to answer the questions that follow. send back 6. 1 pic 3) Refer to Table 6. 1. Personal consumption expenditures in billions of dollars are A) 1,000. B) 1,300. C) 1,500. D) 2,000. Answer D Diff 2Topic figure GDP Skill analytic AACSB uninflected Skills 4) Refer to Table 6. 1. The value for gross private domestic coronation in billions of dollars is A) 300. B) 375. C) 425. D) 450. Answer C Diff 2 Topic work out GDP Skill uninflected AACSB analytic Skills 5) Refer to Table 6. 1. The value for net exports in billions of dollars is A) one hundred fifty. B) 250. C) 650. D) 800. Answer A Diff 1 Topic shrewd GDP Skill uninflected AACSB uninflected Skills 6) Refer to Table 6. 1. The value of gross domestic product in billions of dollars is A) 3,000. B) 3,075. C) 3,125. D) 3,750. AnswerB Diff 2 Topic calculative GDP Skill analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 7) Refer to Table 6. 1. The value of government spending in billions of dollars is A) 100. B) 200. C) 300. D) 500. Answer D Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills Refer to the information provided in Table 6. 2 below to answer the questions that follow. Table 6. 2 pic 8) Refer to Table 6. 2. Personal consumption expenditures in billions of dollars are A) 900. B) 1,100. C) 1,400. D) 1,600. Answer C Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 9) Refer to Table 6. 2.The value for gross private domestic investment in billions of dollars is A) 740. B) 810. C) 850. D) 890. Answer D Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 10) Refer to Table 6. 2. The value for net exports in billions of dollars is A) -200. B) -150. C) 50. D) 250. Answer B Diff 1 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 11) Refer to Table 6. 2. The value for gross domestic product in billions of dollars is A) 2,900. B) 3,140. C) 3,440. D) 3,650. Answer B Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 12) Refer to Table 6. 2.The value of government spending in billions of dollars is A) 200. B) 600. C) 800. D) 1,000. Answer D Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 13) A company produced 8 dishwasher machines in 2005. The company sold 6 in 2005 and added 2 to its inventories. The market value of the dishwasher machines in 2005 was $200 per unit. What is the value of this companys output that will be included in the 2005 GDP? A) $400. B) $1,400. C) $1,600. D) $2,000. Answer C Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 14) A farmer buys a new tractor from John Deere to use on her cotton farm.This tractor is included in GDP as A) part of gross private domestic investment. B) a durable consumption good. C) a service. D) a nondurable consumption good. Answer A Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Conceptual AACSB Reflective Thinking 15) The change in business inventories is measured as A) final sales minus GDP. B) final sales plus GDP. C) GDP minus final sales. D) the ratio of final sales to GDP. Answer C Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Conceptual AACSB Reflective Thinking 16) In 2007 final sales equal $200 billion, and the change in business inventories is $50 billion. GDP in 2007 A) s $250 billion. B) is $200 billion. C) is $150 billion. D) is $40 billion. Answer A Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 17) In 2006 final sales equal $350 billion and the change in business inventories is -$60 billion. GDP in 2006 A) is $290 billion. B) is $295 billion. C) is $410 billion. D) cannot be determined from this information. Answer A Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 18) In 2008 the change in business inventories is -$70 billion and GDP is $200 billion. Final sales in 2008 A) are $130 billion. B) are $200 billion.C) are $270 billion. D) are $340 billion. Answer C Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 19) In 2007, GDP was exactly equal to final sales. This implies that A) on that point was accumulation of inventories that year. B) there was a decline in inventories that year. C) there was no change in inventories that year. D) GDP did not grow that year compared to the year before. Answer C Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 20) If the change in business inventories is zero, then final sales are A) zero. B) less than GDP. C) greater than GDP. D) qual to GDP. Answer D Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 21) If in a year there is a positive inventory investment, then final sales A) exceed GDP. B) are less than GDP. C) equal GDP. D) are zero. Answer B Diff 1 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 22) salary investment equals A) GDP minus final sales. B) gross investment minus final sales. C) gross investment minus wear and tear. D) depreciation plus GDP. Answer C Diff 1 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Definition 23) If net investment is zero, then A) gross investment is greater than depreciation.B) gross investment is less than depreciation. C) gross investment equals depreciation. D) depreciation is zero. Answer C Diff 1 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 24) Suppose that net investment in 2008 was $20 billion and depreciation was $4 billion. G ross investment in 2008 was A) $16 billion. B) $20 billion. C) $24 billion. D) $28 billion. Answer C Diff 1 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 25) The total value of all capital of the United States goods newly produced in a given outcome is A) the change in business inventories. B) depreciation. C) net investment. D) ross investment. Answer D Diff 1 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Definition 26) The change in capital stock in a period is equal to A) the ratio of the get along of the capital at the beginning of the period to the number of depreciation. B) the amount of the capital stock at the beginning of the period plus gross investment minus depreciation. C) the amount of the capital at the beginning of the period plus gross investment. D) the amount of the capital at the beginning of the period minus net investment. Answer B Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Definition 27) crystallise investment is A) gross investment minus depreciation.B) gross investm ent plus depreciation. C) depreciation minus gross investment. D) GNP minus final sales. Answer A Diff 1 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Definition 28) Depreciation is A) the decrease in the overall price level. B) the additional capital stock in a year. C) the amount of used up machinery in a year. D) the amount of decline in business inventories. Answer C Diff 1 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Definition 29) If net investment in 2007 is $350 billion and gross investment in 2007 is $500 billion, depreciation in 2007 is A) $0. 7 billion. B) $150 billion. C) $175 billion. D) $250 billion.Answer B Diff 1 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 30) If net investment in 2008 is $500 billion and gross investment in 2008 is $900 billion, depreciation in 2008 is A) -$500 billion. B) $0. C) $400 billion. D) $1,400 billion. Answer C Diff 1 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 31) If gross investment in 2008 is $750 billion and depreciation in 2008 is $850 bil lion, net investment in 2008 is A) -$50 billion. B) -$100 billion. C) -$800 billion. D) -$1,600 billion. Answer B Diff 1 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 32)If gross investment in 2008 is $200 billion and depreciation in 2008 is $1,000 billion, net investment in 2008 is A) -$900 billion. B) -$800 billion. C) $1,000 billion. D) $1,200 billion. Answer B Diff 1 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 33) Exports equal A) imports net exports. B) net exports + imports. C) net exports imports. D) imports + (exports + imports). Answer B Diff 1 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Definition 34) When calculating GDP, exports are ________ and imports are ________. A) added added B) added subtracted C) subtracted added D) subtracted subtracted Answer BDiff 1 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Conceptual AACSB Reflective Thinking 35) If the value of net exports is negative, then A) exports exceed imports. B) imports exceed exports. C) exports equal imports. D) im ports are zero. Answer B Diff 1 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Conceptual AACSB Reflective Thinking 36) The largest income component of GDP is A) proprietors income. B) rental income. C) compensation of employees. D) corporate profit. Answer C Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Fact 37) What should be subtracted from GDP to calculate national income? A) depreciation B) indirect taxes C) personal income taxes.D) net factor payments to the rest of the humanness Answer A Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Conceptual AACSB Reflective Thinking 38) Proprietors income is A) the income of unincorporated businesses. B) the income of all businesses? incorporated and unincorporated. C) the income of sole proprietorships. D) the income of partnerships. Answer A Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Definition 39) crystallize interest is the interest on loans paid by A) businesses, households, and the government. B) businesses and households. C) businesses and the government. D) businesses. Answer D Diff 3 Topic Calculating GDP SkillDefinition 40) Interest paid by households and by the government is A) counted in national income, but not in GDP. B) not counted in GDP because it is not assumed to flow from the production of goods and services. C) not counted in GDP but is counted in GNP because it is paid by U. S. citizens to people living in the United States. D) included in both GDP and GNP because it represents an expenditure by one group and a receipt of income by another group. Answer B Diff 3 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Conceptual AACSB Reflective Thinking 41) What type of tax affects the amount of money you pay for a product? A) direct taxB) income tax C) indirect tax D) all of the above Answer C Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Conceptual 42) Depreciation is A) subtracted from national income to get GDP. B) added to national income to get GDP. C) subtracted from GNP to get NNP. D) added to GNP to get NNP. Answer C Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Conceptual AACSB Re flective Thinking Refer to the information provided in Table 6. 3 below to answer the questions that follow. Table 6. 3 pic 43) Refer to Table 6. 3. The value for national income in billions of dollars is A) 585. B) 600. C) 635. D) 850. Answer C Diff 2 TopicCalculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 44) Refer to Table 6. 3. The value for gross domestic product in billions of dollars is A) 485. B) 680. C) 685. D) 710. Answer D Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 45) Refer to Table 6. 3. The value of net factor payments to the rest of the world is A) 5. B) 15. C) 25. D) 35. Answer A Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 46) Refer to Table 6. 3. The value of disposable income A) is 505. B) is 560. C) is 605. D) cannot be calculated given the information in Table 6. 3. Answer D Diff 2Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 47) If receipt of factor income from the rest of the world exceed payments of factor income to the rest of the world, then A) GDP is greater than GNP. B) GDP equals GNP. C) GNP equals NNP. D) GNP is greater than GDP. Answer D Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills Refer to the information provided in Table 6. 4 below to answer the questions that follow. Table 6. 4 pic 48) Refer to Table 6. 4. The value for GDP in billions of dollars is A) 910. B) 920. C) 950. D) 1,050. Answer C Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDPSkill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 49) Refer to Table 6. 4. The value for GNP in billions of dollars is A) 900. B) 930. C) 980. D) 1,010. Answer B Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 50) Refer to Table 6. 4. The value for NNP in billions of dollars is A) 890. B) 910. C) 940. D) 970. Answer A Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 51) Refer to Table 6. 4. The value for national income in billions of dollars is A) 890. B) 910. C) 940. D) 970. Answer A Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 2) Refer to Table 6. 4. The value for personal income in billions of dollars is A) 870. B) 890. C) 950. D) 960. Answer A Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 53) Refer to Table 6. 4. The value for disposable personal income in billions of dollars is A) 750. B) 770. C) 820. D) 990. Answer A Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 54) If GNP is $600 billion, receipts of factor income from the rest of the world are $50 billion, and payments of factor income to the rest of the world are $30 billion, then GDP is A) $520 billion. B) 580 billion. C) $620 billion. D) $680 billion. Answer B Diff 3 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 55) If GNP is $200 billion, receipts of factor income from the rest of the world are $10 billion, and payments of factor income to the rest of the world are $30 billion, then GDP is A) $160 billion. B) $210 billion. C) $220 billion. D) $240 bill ion. Answer C Diff 3 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 56) If GDP is $500 billion and depreciation is $40 billion, then net national product A) is $460 billion. B) is $500 billion. C) is $540 billion. D) annot be determined from this information. Answer D Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 57) If GDP is $300 billion, depreciation is $30 billion, and net factor income from the rest of the world is -$40 billion, then net national product is A) $230 billion. B) $270 billion. C) $290 billion. D) $310 billion. Answer D Diff 3 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 58) If GNP is $800 billion and depreciation is $90 billion, then net national product is A) $710 billion. B) $845 billion. C) $890 billion. D) $980 billion. Answer A Diff 1 TopicCalculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 59) If GNP is $200 billion and depreciation is $20 billion, then net national product is A) $100 billion. B) $180 billion. C ) $210 billion. D) $220 billion. Answer B Diff 1 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 60) If depreciation equals zero and retained earnings equal $5 billion, then A) GNP is less than net national product by $5 billion. B) GNP equals net national product. C) Net national product is less than GNP by $5 billion. D) GNP is greater than GDP by $5 billion. Answer B Diff 1 Topic Calculating GDP SkillAnalytic AACSB Analytic Skills 61) Net national product is A) GDP plus depreciation. B) GDP minus depreciation. C) GNP minus depreciation. D) GNP plus depreciation. Answer C Diff 1 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Definition 62) The total income of households is A) net national product. B) personal income. C) national income. D) production income. Answer B Diff 1 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Definition 63) Personal income is national income minus A) depreciation. B) net factor income to the rest of the world. C) the amount of national income not going to households. D) imports. Answer C Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDPSkill Fact 64) If national income is $600 billion, personal income is $400 billion, personal taxes are $120 billion, then disposable income equals A) $480 billion. B) $320 billion. C) $280 billion. D) $80 billion. Answer C Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 65) Which of the following is subtracted from national income to get to personal income? A) retained earnings B) personal interest income C) depreciation D) personal Taxes Answer A Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Conceptual AACSB Reflective Thinking 66) Personal income A) is always less than national income. B) s always greater than national income. C) may be greater than or less than national income. D) will always equal national income. Answer C Diff 2 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Conceptual AACSB Reflective Thinking 67) If personal income is $925 billion and personal income taxes are $70 billion, the value of disposable personal income is A) $835 billion. B) $855 billion. C) $890 billion. D) $995 billion. Answer B Diff 1 Topic Calculating GDP Skill Analytic AACSB Analytic Skills 68) If personal saving is -$10 billion and disposable personal income is $370 billion, then personal consumption spending A) is $360 billion.

Growth Through Going Global

Growth Through Going Global The traditional theory of the potent is based on the short gain maximization. Many actions of squiffys may be seen to conflict with this aim and yet could be consistent with the aim of long-run profit maximization. For example, policies to increase the size of the firm or the firms share of the market may involve heavy advertising or low prices to the detriment of short-run profits. But if this results in the firm befitting larger, with a bigger share of the market, the resulting economic power may enable the firm to make larger profits in the long run.In many respects, a firms global strategy is simply an extension of its strategy within its own domestic market. However, opening up to global markets can provide an obvious direction for a business to expand its markets and spread its risks. It is also a means of reducing costs, whether through economies of scale or from accessing cheap sources of supply or low-wage labor facilities. A firms global gr owth strategy may involve simply exporting or opening up factories abroad, or it may involve concourse with businesses abroad or forming strategic alliances.The result is that the global business environment has tended to become more and more ompetitive. What will a growth-maximizing firms price and output be? Unfortunately there is no simple formula for predicting this. In the short run, the firm may choose the profit maximizing price and output so as to provide the greatest funds for investment. On the other hand, it may be prepared to sacrifice some short-term profits in articulate to mount an advertising campaign.It all depends on the strategy it considers most suitable to achieve growth. In the long run, prediction is more severe still. The policies that a firm adopts will depend crucially on the assessments of market opportunities made by managers. But this involves Judgment, not fine calculation. Different managers will Judge a posture differently. One prediction can be m ade. Growth-maximizing firms are likely to diversify into different products, especially as they approach the limits to expansion in existing markets.It is difficult to draw firm conclusions about the public interest. In the case of sales revenue maximization, a higher output will be produced than under profit maximization, but the consumers will not necessarily benefit from lower prices, since more will be spent on advertising costs that will be passed on to the consumer. In the case of growth and long-run profit maximization, there are many possible policies that a firm could pursue.To the extent that a disturbance for the long run encourages firms to look to improved products, new products and new techniques, the consumer may benefit from such a concern. To the extent, however, that growth encourages a greater level of industrial concentration through merger the consumer theory of the firm, the degree of competition a firm faces is a crucial factor in determining Just how reac tive it will be to the wishes of the consumer. References http//classofl . com/homework-help/economics-homework-help/

Measurements of physical characteristics Essay

Measurements of physical characteristics are used widely in everyday human life, whether in household or industrial processes, in service or in scientific researches. Some of the main categories of regularly mensural para meters are weight, aloofness, surface area, volume, temperature, density, concentration, voltage, amperage and power. Measurement units historically differed from nation to nation, but over time there is a straight tendency for unification of units.Metric system is recognized as universal in ever-growing number of countries and this allows to minimize differences and errors in international scientific, trade and other typefaces of communications. In metric system, meter, its multiples and fractionals are used for the measurements of length, square meter and its derivates are for measurements of area, cubic meter for measurements of volume. For beat temperature there are Celsius or Fahrenheit degrees used, for measuring density kilogram per cubic meter. Voltag e in international metric system is measured in volts, amperage in amperes, and watts are used for measuring power.To perform measurements one needs to have appropriate instruments. These instruments should have accuracy grade acceptable for the type and purpose of measurements that will be performed. When measurement of length is performed, the only kind of instruments needed is tape-measure or straight scale, if size of measured object is relatively small. If place that has to be measured is large, and surface between starting and finishing points is not smooth, to a greater extent sophisticated instruments will be needed to perform required measurements.Measurements of area and volume will sometimes require certain calculations in addition to direct measurements. If measurement of an area of regular shape is performed, it is enough to measure length of the sides of that area and then apply relatively simple formulas for calculation of that area. But if the area measured has irr egular shape with edges of bizarre form, calculations will be outlying(prenominal) more complex and may require solution of integral equations to determine approximate size of an area in question. When it is necessary to measure volume of a liquid state, volumetric glassware is enough.But when the volume of a frame with complex form shall be calculated, procedure of measurement may become much more complicated. If the body with unknow volume is available for direct measurement, it may be submerged into the water or any other liquid and volume of displaced liquid that is equal to the volume of that body, could be measured. But if that body is not available for direct measurement and is given in form of a scheme with known disceptations measured or set beforehand, then rather complicated calculations may be required to estimate the volume of a said body.Density of a liquid may be measured using special instrument called densitometer, which is based on displacement of a certain am ount of liquid by the weight of the instrument. The higher density of examined liquid, the smaller will be volume of liquid displaced. For estimation of the density of gases or solid bodies another methods shall be applied, because displacement-based densitometry assnot be applied to non-liquid substances. Measurements of mass and volume are usually performed, and density then is calculated using the simple formula of mass divided by volume.Temperature can be measured using thermometers of different types liquid-filled, electric, etc. Electric parameters like amperage, voltage and power, could be measured either directly using specific measuring devices, or indirectly by measuring related parameters and later calculating values of parameters required. For a list of physical parameters there are specific units in the system of measurements. Some of the examples were given above. For another example, unit for measuring force is newton, and unit for pressure is pascal.Certain paramet ers can be formulated indirectly through and through other units. Speed, for example, is defined as unit of distance passed per unit of time, and acceleration as rate of change of speed per unit of time. Consequently, force that influences a body, may be calculated through known mass of the body, its beginning speed and rate of change of its speed under the influence of the force studied. Unfortunately, measurements can neer provide us with absolute values of parameter we are interested in.Due to imperfection of both human perception, instruments for measurements and because of influence of unstable environmental conditions upon the instrument, body that is subjected to measurements and the person performing measurements, some imprecision will always be present. Additionally, when performing measurements, observer sometimes has to use estimated data because more or less(prenominal) precious values can not be obtained under current conditions. Or maybe high precision values of a gi ven parameter are not important for the current task. Either way, estimation of measured data sometimes takes place, as well as certain ever-present

Link between Gender Inequality and Economic Growth

The Link between Gender Inequality and Economic Growth It is non generally seen that the economy and sexual activity study atomic number 18 interconnected in terms of each new(prenominal)s influence and their development process. However, this correlation is well-explained by the fact that if womens employment rates were raised to 70 percent, which is closer to that of many developed nations, the one-year Gross Domestic Product (GAP) of Asia would increase by up to 2-4 percent (United Nations in China, 2010). Indeed, sparingal harvesting has impacts on sexual urge inequality levels both positively and negatively, w hereas grammatical sexuality inequality hampers economic growth as a whole.Connell (2009, 1 1) defines the term gender as the structure of social relations that centers on the procreative argonna, and the set of practices that bring reproductive distinctions between bodies into social processes. Gender inequality refers to the inadequate rights, responsibiliti es and opportunities of women and men (ASSAI, 2001). Economic growth is defined by an increase in the capacity of an economy to produce goods and services, comp ared to one period to another (Riley, 2012).For example, gender inequality displace be a barrier to the process f development by weakening the ability of house holdup members to engage in productive activities. At the same time, structural changes that accompany the development process can importantly weaken/loosen the constraints that women and men face when they work towards new economic approaches. This paper analyses the links between gender inequality and economic growth and the complexness associated with this relationship. In order to examine the link between gender inequality and economic growth, it is important to have a clear sympathiseing of some make concepts.Firstly, social construction is a key concept that is used to downstairsstand how people build and organize subjects, actions and thoughts around a per ception through cultural and social influence ( worldwide Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 2008). Next, gender relation is the interaction of unalike masculinity and femininity to shape the power dominance of the society (March et al, 1999). Moreoer, globalisation is the process of transformation of local or regional phenomena into global ones. It is the notion of a shrinking world including incommensurate flows of labor, capital and ideas (Stilling, 2002).It is also crucial to understand gender accountability in analyzing the relationship between economic growth and gender inequality. Gender accountability refers to the process by which members of a society hold others accountable for transgressing or defying traditional social expectations of gender (West and Zimmerman, 1987). Gender performance is creating differences between women and men and their interaction with others which are not natural or biologically based (West and Zimmerman, 1987). Finally, gendered character of labor refers to the ways in which certain Jobs or tasks become gendered in a patriarchal society (March et al, 1999).There are positive aspects of economic growth that attend to to shorten the gender gap, particularly in the decision- making power within households despite the certain exceptional cases that function in the bring up order. In most circumstances, economic development reduces the disadvantages faced by women. Firstly, economic development plays a huge role in women education (World Bank, 2011 b). Women work under low-wage conditions partly because of the poverty at their homes. It is not that women prefer to supply labor at a very low wage, but they are forced to do so in order to manage the financial condition at home.Once the economic stability at family level improves, the number of women who go into low-wage Jobs for their poor economic condition at home reduces and the low-wage Jobs would no longer be reserved for women. For example, the workers in garment factories in Bangladesh, a major source of export earnings, are mostly women, and as the cost of living increases, the cost of women not going to work exceeds the cost of them working in low-wage Jobs (Siberia 1995). Secondly, poor economic condition makes women less(prenominal) aware about hygiene, and they cannot afford to medical expenditures, especially during menstruation period and pregnancy.It creates an environment for the employers to consider women as weakness and less productive (World Bank, 2011 b). Economic growth increases womens health care that result in improved level of womens fitness to any career. Eventually, sexist attitudes of employers about suitable tasks for women change. For example, the enrollment of women in Engineering, which requires field work, has been change magnitude day by day (Unguent, 2000). Thirdly, economic growth brings up changes in decision-making power of men and women at household level. It challenges the social construction that men are the breadwinners of a household.Rising income levels at household level associated with increased household expenditures challenges the patriarchal system and creates pathways for women to enter into Job market. However, it might affect the gender relations at home that men would not accept their power to be shared. Siberia explains the use of womens earnings in household spending My husband likes that my income is for luxuries, for the little things that catch my fancy. Although sometimes I pay for household things, during difficult months. He tells me, it is his Job to provide for food, clothing, rent and other necessities. Siberia, 1995) It portraits the mens perception that they do not want their women to tolerate towards the economy of the family due to the social construction of men as breadwinners. In contrast, economic growth as an outcome of globalization creates opportunities for women to become empowered and to theme violence against women. Women are mostly exposed to d ifferent social contexts that in turn heighten awareness about gender equality and the need for alleviating gender discrimination that they were not aware of and womens dependency on men.My experience at AY-JAW is itself a good example of how an exposure to different social context can hence a persons attitudes towards gender discrimination and violence. Five years back from now, if I were asked if it is fine for men to have the entire power within households, I would say yes. However, if the same question is asked now, my answer would be no. Finalization of labor migration, which refers to the trend of growing employment of women which is possible mostly because of the expansion of technological improvement, sell and capital flows (Legal terms, Definitions and Dictionary, n. ). Also gives opportunities for women to get exposed to other countries where women can learn that they should get equal rights. Having experienced the effects of gender accountability in other countries and k nowing that womens equality is important, once they get back to their home societies, there is a high possibility that they will fight against gender discrimination. Exposure to different social context might lead women to be more aware about the social norms and patriarchy of their own society that favored men (Ridgeway, 1997).They would ultimately come forward to make changes in the society that results in reducing gender gap in the society. However, economic development does not always help to narrow down the gender AP rather, in certain cases, it increases the socio-economic vulnerability of women. Despite the economic development and the increasing womens participation in the labor force, the incidence of sex-selective abortions and the autocratic number of missing women, coined by Mammary Seen (2003) refers to the terrible deficit of women in substantial parts of Asian and north Africa, which arises from sex bias in intercourse care, are growing.The slender condition is fu rther explained by the fact that China and India together account for more than 85 jillion of the nearly 100 million missing women estimated to have died from jaundiced treatment in health care, nutrition and nutrition access or pure neglect, or because they were never born in the first place (United Nations in China, 2010). In rural areas of Asia, the social construction of femininity that all girls/women should get married is strongly followed. The societies develop a gendered centralization that parents take the responsibility of marrying women off once girl children are born itself (Slakes at el, 2003).Women do not get enough gains from the new paid-employment opportunities. They are presumption opportunities to paid workforce, at the same time they re employed in insecure environment that does not make any changes in the level of gender inequality. For example, even though women are given permission by their husbands or families to work in garment industries, they are often abused by their employers, not leave behinded to go to toilets even when they are urgent (Siberia, 1995). Violence against women is high even when they work for longer hours than men do (Ridgeway, 1997). aft(prenominal) understanding how economic growth affects gender inequality, it is crucial to understand how gender inequality hampers economic growth. Most importantly, economic growth is hampered by the constraints that keep omen involved in unpaid work, and the unequal opportunities that favor men over women (Beerier et al 2004). Womens Jobs in export industries such as textiles and garments have been important in generating foreign currency earnings. Dependence on women workers in labor-intensive, export-oriented manufacturing has become a common pattern across Asia as womens share of manufacturing employment rose during their export drives.Therefore, gender inequality has negative impacts on economic growth. Furthermore, gender inequality in education and employment hampers e conomic growth. The low level of access to education for women is linked with higher rates of fruitfulness and lower savings rates. Rising fertility can reduce investment in childrens education and health. (Ridgeway, 1997). Moreover, inequality in education can contribute to womens unequal household bargaining power, affecting the distribution of household resources.The unequal decision-making power at household level might affect the overall household management, and therefore prohibits the development process of households given the resources. For instance, a sole member making all the decisions would not be as effective as the incidence here both husband and wife together make decisions, with a mutual understanding of the benefit-cost analysis (Unguent, 2000). However, it is the social construction in Asian societies that a cleaning lady in a household being more educated would be considered as a threat to the mens masculinity.Men make sure that the income brought to home by wo men would not be spent to main household spending, but on luxuries (Siberia, 1995). Indeed, men preserve the socially constructed norm that men have the control over the income and transgressing would affect the gender relations. Additionally, systematic differences in investments in girls and boys education can lead to Job sector inefficiency due to distortion in skill levels (Bosnian, 2003). investing too much in less-talented men and investing too little in competent women reduces the total productivity in the economy (Bosnian, 2003).In other words, gendered division of labor arises where the labor queues become gender queues because employers rank males as more valuable workers than females (Resin and Ross, 1990). When employers hire workers, they take into consideration about the loss of their institutions productivity level, especially the maternity leave that women take (Timekeepers, 2012). Employers make an assumption that all women will get pregnant and have children. The assumption is basically developed from the socially constructed idea of femininity that all women will have children.Against the assumption, the enforcement of maternity leave legislation in Taipei, China led to a 2. 5-percentage-point increase in womens employment (Civilize and Rodgers, 2003). In some patriarchal societies, certain Jobs are allocated only for men. For example, in northern part of Sir Lankan, CNN (three wheeler) drivers were usually male, and the government introduced a plan that allows female to be CNN drivers. After some time, an accident occurred in which the fault was found to be on the side of CNN driver who is a female. Based on the incident, there were some controversies regarding whether to allow the women do be CNN drivers further.However, the point to be noted here is that there were so many accidents held earlier to the particular event, and they were committed by male CNN drivers. No inquiries were done to the male drivers, but when the same incidence is caused by women, they held up to scrutiny. It again shows the gender discrimination in societies, and people being more critical when gender norms are transgressed. In addition, sexist unequal expectations of gender performance are other constraints that affect economic growth at the household levels.Men and women are sometimes pressured to perform gender according to what is acceptable in their particular society, rather than thinking about rational choices about family income. For example, Sir Lankan male cleaners go to Middle Eastern countries to financially support their families (Near, 2010). Although they are involved in feminizes Jobs abroad, when they return to their societies, they do not keep involving in feminizes activities because they think this would be a wreath to their masculinity (Near, 2010).As a result, men, who strongly support the patriarchal system of men as breadwinners of a family, fail minimize the costs within households by not accounting the female labor force participation. In order to address the barriers to the development of economy and gender, a strong foundation for policy implementations that compose the constraints that women face should be considered. These will include remedying heavy time burdens devoted to unpaid work, regulations that favor men, inadequate public infrastructure, insufficient access to agricultural inputs, discriminatory practices in the labor market, and social constructions.Asian governments have also paid relatively limited attention to gendered vulnerabilities in their social protection policies (ILL and ADS, 2011). By decreasing gender inequality, from the household level to major indexes, a countrys overall economy can be developed at a faster pace (Ridgeway, 1997) Likewise, as economic development occurs, we have to make sure that it will not lead to a path in which gender inequality grows even more. Works Cited Beerier, G. , Y. Rodgers, and J. Civilize. 004. International Trade and Gender Wage Discrimination Evidence from East Asia.

Family in the play Essay

The issuances of parentage and family are profoundly of paramount importance in the play The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde, both(prenominal) as primary forces motivating the plot and as subjects yielding philosophical speculation and debate. Parentage can be defined as the group of individuals travel from a common ancestor and in Victorian England the issue of parentage was largely touched upon. In fact, appropriate parentage was a key to proving ones get as a member of the upper class of that particular era.Through his work, Wilde attempts to express his views on the matter through his so called trivial comedy for heartbreaking people and these views, along with integrated examples from the play itself, are what will form the basis of this essay. The issue of family is introduced from the very first Act, where we observe Algernon Moncrief expecting a visit from his aunt, lady Bracknell, and her daughter Gwendolyn Fairfax.Even though Algernon has devised the act of Bunburying so as to be able to avoid confronting his family members in order to keep up appearances he agrees to allude Lady Bracknell for tea, even arranging for cucumber sandwiches to be made specially for her visit. The extended cucumber sandwich joke further exemplifies the superficiality of Algernons birth with his Aunt when without realizing it he steadily devours all the sandwiches that have been meticulously prepared for her visit.The arrival of Algernons kin, to wards the middle of the first Act is signalled by the sound of the electric automobile bell in a way that only relatives, or creditors, ever ring in that Wagnerian manner, according to Algernon. When Gwendolyn and her mother arrive the issue of parenting immediately comes to the foreground. Lady Bracknell immediately urges her daughter to join her in the kindest of manners Wont you come and sit here, Gwendolyn? in an attempt to keep her at her side. Her domineering nature, even over her own daughter, is exposed o nce again when, or else than asking as before, she states Gwendolyn, you will accompany me (into the music room) . Nevertheless, as in mother-daughter relationships of the present day, children always defy their parents and Gwendolyn does so by intentionally staying behind so as to confront Jack about their relationship.Gwendolyns determination and lot during her brief encounter with Jack does show evidence of her mothers affect on her. Therefore, it is proven true that as stated in one of the most celebrated witticisms of the play All women become like their mothers. That is their tragedy. Nevertheless, the instance during the play where the notion of parentage proves pivotal is during Lady Bracknells interview of Jack, so as to see if he would make an eligible married man for her daughter.Here, it is noticeable that even though Lady Bracknell is willing to negotiate with Jack on his political beliefs, hobbies and rather unfashionable place of residence she condemns his marriage to her daughter unless he manages to produce at any rate one parent, of either sex, before the season is instead over. To back up her decision she further clarifies that neither herself nor Lord Bracknell would ever allow their only daughter to marry into a cloak-room, and form an fusion with a parcel as she sweeps out in majestic indignation (as designated by Wildes stage instructions).On the basis of Lady Bracknells language and actions, it is evident that the fact that Jack was abandoned as a baby without any indication of which family line he descends from excludes him as a potential husband for Gwendolyn, proving just how significant parentage was in the Victorian era. It is common knowledge that above all else both parents and family are responsible for the upbringing of their children by reach the right examples. When crafting the character of Cecily, Wilde depicts the norm that occurs when one loses his/her relatives at a young age.In this case, even though Jack is not Cecilys blood relative, she is his ward and he -apart from being as her legal guardian- acts as her father figure. Out of sheer respect Cecily addresses him as Uncle Jack and her gratitude is even more evident in her engraving on his cigarette case from little Cecily with her fondest love. Wards were not uncommon in the Victorian era as death rate rates were high and the average life span was a little over 50 years, but Cecily differs from Jack in the sense that she knows which family line she descends from.To conclude, it has been corroborate that the notion of family and parentage is influential throughout the play. First, it is what drives Algernon to the act of Bunburying. Second, it causes ideals to be projected from mother to daughter (from Lady Bracknell to Gwendolyn). Third, the absence of parentage in Jacks case constitutes a barrier to his marriage to Gwendolyn and finally in Cecilys case the absence of her family augments her relationship to Jack, as his beloved ward.

Exchange Risks Essay

The challenging issues in outside(a) business within the 20th and 21st century are currency and exchange rate risks. In the late 20th century, for instances, it has been clear that exchange rate risks considerations are critical for business survival. The economics crisis in the U. S. and most of European countries has displayed how the jimmy of currencies in international business settings could alter the faith of millions of people, brought some to welfare and others to poverty.Concerning the business strategy into Brazilian market, the plan to strengthen market in the countrified is greatly influenced by economical factors such as the inflation figure of Brazil and the world-wide economics crisis. The inflation figure is important since it influence the purchasing power of Brazilian. The global economic crisis also influences the countrys exchange rate of Brazilian currency that further influence the pricing of Bimbo bread products. In the light of this involvement, companies make to perform foreign currency risks assessments regarding the business activities.Most companies generally apply some of the financial tools that would protect them from foreign currency risk exposure, like futures, before contract, etc. Recommendation The first analysis that Bimbo may take in expanding into foreign market is the country risk analysis. This is important factor for Bimbo since retail manufacturing is low concentrated industry in which many local bread providers. In addition, country risk analysis also helps Bimbo in assessing whether a country has a set of policy that benefits business or vice versa.The figure 1 suggests that the to a greater extent(prenominal) attractive a country is in terms of FDI index, the more likely that Bimbo must immediately presents in the country. Based on the FDI Index, we assess that Bimbo has performed suitable investment in Brazil. Since a country risk is only one(a) factor in deciding a foreign direct investment, Bimbo must p erform the next step that is to define marketing objectives to guide the company in assessing their productivity in foreign market. Figure 1 Top 25 Countries in term of FDI Confidence Index Source A.T. Kearney Challenges of Grupo Bimbo in the U. S consider the Suitable Entry Strategy In terms of market entry, there are many ways of entering a foreign market each has its own economic and legal implications. Some entry strategies that multinational companies usually take are joint gage and foreign direct investment. Joint venture is a type of foreign market penetration strategy has a considerably large investment risk but this method consists of an opportunity to larn and create a greater presence in the targeted markets.Companies prefer to perform this type of market entry strategy when dealing with countries whose government put long restrictions on foreign ownership (Quick MBA, 2007). In case of Bimbo, the company may conduct joint marketing, for example, with local retailer na med Lojas Americanas, a Brazil leading section store chain. This method provides Bimbo with the capability to learn the Brazilian retail market since at that time Customers Preferences Other risks in conducting international expansion are heathen issues. This factor then accumulates into becoming customers preferences.According to various studies in the field, culture is often an underestimated factor in managing corporate businesses. These studies also revealed that those companies that failed to place culture as an important business consideration often find themselves in a disappointing circumstance. Business investments that cost millions of US dollars could go down the drain delinquent to such failure (Kwintessential, 2007). For instances, the Brazilian and U. S. customers consider the quality of product as the most important factor when deciding to buy merchandises. The other factors are price, value added and packaging.Today, however, realizing the global environment we ar e living in, companies are becoming increasingly cultural sensitive. There are various examples of corporations that hired people from various backgrounds and utter a synergy within their cooperation. In terms of Bimbo, in order to cope with cultural issues, the company also makes some cultural adjustment such as the use of advertisement media. If in the U. S. , the company spends many television advertising, in the Brazil, Bimbo takes many radio advertisings since many Brazilian housewives listen to the radio more often then watching television.Reference Ball, Donald A. et al. (2002). International Business the Challenge of Global Competition. McGraw Hill Holt, David H and Wigginton, Karen W. (2002). International Management. Thomson Kotler, Philip. (2000). Marketing Management. New Jersey apprentice Hall Inc Kwintessential. (2007). Cultural Sensitivity in Business. Retrieved October 10, 2008 from http//www. kwintessential. co. uk/cultural-services/articles/cultural-sensitivity. html Quick MBA. (2007). Foreign Market Entry Modes. Retrieved October 10, 2008 from http//www. quickmba. com/strategy/global/marketentry/.

The Theory and Medical Treatment of ADHD

For the past several decades the terms discipline roughnesss, learning dysfunctions, learning disabilities, learning differences, and attention-deficit disorders have made the rounds in the educational, medical, and psychological journals. The concepts have been studied routinely and thoroughly with similar and distinct differences. Some theoreticians and educators include the concepts of dyslexia, hyperactivity, break off concentration, anxiety, perceptual dysfunction, and a host of other variables as belonging to the definition of what should be called a learning puzzle rather than a dysfunction.If the perception of a piece is placed before the recognition of the whole, then treatment is item specific and not supportive of the entire structure. In other words, learning, and the process whereby it is completed or interrupted, must be viewed in relation to the whole structure rather than identify by its parts. The learning puzzle can be properly described as an intricate formation of a humans neurological, physiological, psychological, and sociological systems (parts) blended together to elicit a healthy functioning individual (whole).The act of learning is accomplished optimally when all parts of the puzzle ar functioning without interruption. However, when learning is interrupted through external or internal stimuli the puzzle cannot be completed and negative results occur. The lack of puzzle completion is brought about both environmentally and medically. For lesson A lack of educational opportunity, poor self esteem, and even peer pressure (environmental leaning interruption) can help to erode the puzzle structure and ca-ca a dysfunctional situation in the learning process (Jourard, 1959).Similarly, should in that respect exist a malfunction in the body (medical part) disruption in learning can occur as well thus preventing the puzzle from becoming complete. The focus, therefore, of this paper will be to report on that which causes learning to be br eak up through a medical variable (hyperactivity) and the treatment that can be applied to permit learning to take place on a practically more(prenominal) normal basis. The literature is replete with references to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) and the learning consequences.Generally speaking AD/HD is characterized by developmentally inappropriate impulsivity, attention, and hyperactivity. It is a neurological disorder (DSM-IV-TR, 2000 Breggin, 2000) that has serious consequences including school failure, problems with relationships, conduct disorder, substantive abuse and job failure (Bagwell, 2001 Cepeda, 2000). More specifically AD/HD refers to a family of related chronic neurobiological disorders that come in with an individuals capacity to regulate activity level (hyperactivity), inhibit behavior (impulsivity), and attend to tasks (inattention) in developmentally appropriate ways.Treatment for the disorder runs the gambit from behavioral therapy (Rabiner, 2003), to herbal remedies (Chan, 2000), to medication (Biederman, 1999). For the most part the drugs apply to treat AD/HD be those, which must be prescribe by a physician. Regardless of the drug prescribed the most effective way to treat AD/HD is to use a combination of drugs and therapy. The most common, as well as most familiar, prescriptive medications used for the treatment of AD/HD in children are those stimulants known as methylphenidates (Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate-ER) and amphetamines (Dexedrine, Dexedrine Spansules, Adderall. (Breggin, 1998 Watkins and Brynes, 1999).However, administering these particular drugs to AD/HD children reportedly has some rather severe ramifications such as drug dependency, changing brain chemistry, suppressing appetite, and disrupting the growth hormone. Stimulant medications commonly used to decrease distractibility by increasing focus and concentration, are Ritalin, Dexedrine and Cylert. The general misconception is that this symbol of me dication is used to control hyperactivity. However, the decrease in observable hyperactivity is actually the result of increased ability to concentrate.On the other hand there are even some researchers and practitioners who believe that Ritalin can also lead the way to the use of other narcotics and drugs as the child gets older. Yet there are those who believe that even though the use of Ritalin should be discontinued, they believe the AD/HD child can be placed in a more compliant or submissive state with medications that will permit the child to gain control over the disruptive behavior and learn more (Pelham, Carlson, Sams, Vallano, Dixon, & Hoza, 1993 Runnheim et al. 1996 Barkley, R. A. ,1990). good because an AD/HD child may have a positive reaction to medication is not indicative that medication is all that is required to produce the want learning and behavioral results. The medications do not cure the disorder they only control the symptoms while the medication is in the sys tem. Knowing that medications may help a child pay better attention they do not improve the childs academic skills or increase the childs knowledge.What is most often recommended for lasting improvement is to shuffle a medical management program with other treatment modalities such as behavioral therapy, emotional support, and parental and educational involvement. The concern today is that everyone is face for a miracle cure for AD/HD children. Successful treatment of AD/HD requires specifically dealing with several problems in terms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention, and poor motivation. In fact the more the treatment digresses from the aforementioned performance points, the less successful the treatment becomes.Knowing that proper nutrition, exercise and a healthy lifestyle is important for everyone, including ADHD children, there is extremely little scientific evidence that any homeopathic or herbal preparations will lessen or eliminate the symptoms of AD/HD in childre n. In addition there is little evidence as well treating an AD/HD child with vitamin and mineral supplements, biofeedback, or acupuncture will have any long-lasting affect. The life of an AD/HD child can only change for the better through a combination of careful assessment, proper counseling, family involvement, and appropriate medical treatment.

East-Midland English

A project in suppositional phonetics of face Shcherbakova Natalia, group 01 Contents 1. Introduction 2. position in easterly Midlands 1. Vowels 2. Consonants 3. Word Stress 4. conviction rhythm and intonation 3. Conclusion 4. List of references Introduction eastern more or less Midlands, general facts The easterly Midlands, in its broadest sense, is the eastern part of central England (and therefore part of the United Kingdom as well).The due east Midlands covers three major landscape orbital cavitys The relatively flat coastal plain of Lincolnshire, the river valley of the Trent, the third largest (and longest) river in England, and the s egresshern fire of the Pennine range of hills in Derbyshire. The second of these contains several large cities Nottingham, Leicester, Derby and Doncaster, historically centres based around char mining and heavy industry. This is one of the drier regions of England. ?The East-Midland dialect is very interesting. The Union parts of its dialect argona were also an area of heavy S bathroomdinavian settle handst, so that northern East-Midland Middle slope shows the same kinds of quick development as its Northern neighbor. But the subdialect boundaries within East-Midland were far from static the more northerly sort spread steadily southward, extending the influence of Scandinavianized English long after the Scandinavian population had been totally assimilated.In the thirteenth century this part of England, especially Norfolk and Suffolk, began to outstrip the rest of the country in prosperity and population beca routine of the rectitude of its agriculture, and crucially increasing numbers of well-to-do speakers of East-Midland began to move to London, bringing their dialect with them. ? By the second half of the 14th century the dialect of London and the area immediately to the northeast, which had once been Kentish, was thoroughly East-Midland, and a instead Scandinavianized East Midland at that.Since the L ondon dialect steadily gained in prestige from that time on and began to develop into a literary standard, the northern, Scandinavianized variety of East-Midland became the basis of standard Modern English. For that reason, East-Midland is by far the around important dialect of Middle English for the subsequent development of the language. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? The English written and spoken forthwith owes its ocelluss to a mix of the East Midlands and London dialects. The East Midlands dialect was important beca use it came from the centre of the country and was pellucid to most people.Great numbers of traders, pilgrims and others passed through towns such as Leicester and Nottingham. During the 13th and 14th centuries, large numbers of East Midlanders migrated to London, in turn influencing the standard form of English The East Midlands dialect was a mixture of English and Scandinavian, with a smattering of French. The impact of the Vikings can still be seen today in our version of E nglish that was born on the borders of Mercia and Danelaw. As Dr Elaine Treharne from Leicester University points out, It is fair to say that the Queens English has its roots in the towns of the Midlands as such(prenominal) as the palaces of Whitehall 1) Fading of old traditions and huge shiftsin how we. communicate globally. Much of the dialect developed in campestral communities and in the industrial heartlands of the region. Mining communities in Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire and Leicestershire were renowned for their use of dialect. At a time when regions are losing some of their traditional dialect, the East Midlands is keen to retain its cultural identity and linguistic style. Al mebibytegh some delivery are dying out, East Midlanders are keen to celebrate their local language 2) 3) ? ? Examples of orthoepy ? ? ? ? In Leicester, rowing with short vowels such as up and last have a northern pronunciation, whereas words with vowels such as down and road sound rather more like a south-eastern mark. The vowel sound at the end of words like border (and the name of the city) is also a typical feature. In north Nottinghamshire ee found in short words is pronounced as 2 syllables, for example feet being , sounding like fee-yut (and also in this case ending with a glottal stop). Lincolnshire also has a marked north south split in terms of try.The north shares umpteen features with Yorkshire, such as the open a sound in car and park or the successor of take and make with tek and mek. The south of Lincolnshire is close to Received Pronunciation, although it still has a short Northern a in words such as bath. In Northamptonshire, crossed by the North-South isogloss, residents of the north of the county have an accent similar to that of Leicestershire and those in the south an accent similar to rural Oxfordshire. The town of Corby in northern Northamptonshire has an accent with some originally Scottish features, apparently due to immigration of Scottish stee lworkers.It is plebeian in Corby for the seat set of words to be pronounced with . This pronunciation is used across Scotland and most of Northern England, exclusively Corby is alone in the Midlands in using it ? East Midlands accents are broadly non-rhotic, instead drawing out their vowels, resulting in the Midlands Drawl, which can to non-natives be mistaken for dry sarcasm. Old and cold may be pronounced as owd and cowd (rhyming with loud in the West Midlands and ode in the East Midlands), and in the northern Midlands home can become wom.The West Midlands accent is often described as having a pronounced nasal quality, the East Midlands accent much less so. ? ? Next ? As in the North, Midlands accents generally do not use a broad A, so that cast is pronounced rather than the pronunciation of most southern accents. The northern limit of the in many words crosses England from mid-Shropshire to The Wash, passing just south of Birmingham. ? Midlands language also generally uses t he northern short U, so putt is pronounced the same as put.The southern limit of this pronunciation also crosses from mid-Shropshire to the Wash, but dipping further south to the northern part of Oxfordshire. Next Other features of Derbyshire dialect are 1) the use of words like thee and thou 2) the shortening of words for more economical speech 3) the use of very unusual words like scratin (crying) deriving from old Norse or Viking The dialect of the East Midlands has been investigated in notable texts such as the affectionately titled Ey Up Mi Duck serial of books by Richard Scollins and John Titford.These books were originally intended as a study of Derbyshire parlance, particularly the distinctive speech of Ilkeston and the Erewash valley, but later editions acknowledge similarities in vocabulary and grammar which unite the East Midlands dialects and broadened their appeal to the region as a whole. Ey Up (often spelt ayup / eyup) is a greeting thought to be of Old Norse origin (se upp) used widely throughout the North Midlands and South Yorkshire, and Mi Duck is thought to be derived from a respectful Anglo Saxon form of address, Duka (Literally Duke), and is unrelated to waterfowl.Nonnatives of the East Midlands are often surprised to hear men greet each other as Mi Duck. I, the man with the red scarf, Will give thee what I have, this last stimulateks earnings. Take them and buy thee a silver ring And wed me, to ease my yearnings. For the rest when thou art wedded Ill wet my brow for thee With sweat, Ill enter a house for thy sake, Thou shalt shut doors on me. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Ay (or ey) up mi duck hello there Aya gorra weeya? is the wife with you?Its black uvver Bills mothers it looks like rain Coggie smooth costume Croaker doctor Ducks necks bottle of lemonade Gorra bag on in a bad mood Laropped inebriated Nesh cold Old cock friend or mate Page owl single woman out alone at night Skants pants The rally the railway line T hiz summat up wee im I think he may be ill Whos mashing? whos making the cups of tea CONCLUSION East Midlands English is a dialect traditionally spoken in Derbyshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, Rutland and Northamptonshire.It came from the centre of the country and was intelligible to most people. It includes special pronunciation, grammatical rules and has variations within the political region. East Midlands takes great pride in its distinctive dialect. In Lincolnshire local people are going back to the classroom to reclaim their linguistic roots. The English written and spoken today owes its origins to a mix of the East Midlands and London dialects. They have a lot of common and it is really hard to distinctive one dialect from another without knowing peculiarities of both dialects.LIST OF REFERENCES & EXTERNAL cogitate Wiki Travel (2012) England, East Midlands (http//wikitravel. org/en/East_Midlands) Penn Department of Linguistics Dialects of Middle Engl ish (http//www. ling. upenn. edu/) Peter Gill (2009) Dialect Poems (http//dspace. dial. pipex. com/) BBC Inside Out (2005) Dialects and accents (http//www. bbc. co. uk/) Bell M. (1996). Teaching pronunciation and intonation to E. F. L. learners in Korea. Retrieved on 14 October, 2004. p. 255 Tutorgipedia English language in England (http//www. tutorgigpedia. com)

Bram Stoker Essay

Within genus Dracula, Stoker well-defined presents the male uses in the maintain as heroes, without all over emphasising this by giving them extraordinarily strong powers. They be portrayed as normal human beings with faults and weaknesses. This dirty dog be seen when Van Helsing suffers from hysteria, but despite this chill out plays an important role in the chase for Dracula, and brings confidence to their quest at desperate times. He describes the teleph wholeness of Brothers as those , who are willing to peril even our own souls for the safety of one we love-for the good of mankind, and for the honour and glory of God.A similar comparison could be made to sham characters/super heroes in comics such as Superman. They save the weak and bring down the villain duration also leading normal lives. But despite doing this, these super heroes still posses certain vulnerabilities, in the deterrent example of superman, he possesses a weakness to kryptonite. In the same sense, mem bers of the brotherhood perk up their own weaknesses. Therefore, it is fair to read that there is some presence of a comic book nature in Stokers writings, and the characters in the book represent this.Stoker does well not to make the characteristics of his male heroes all man and butch, like our reading material of the male hero today. I believe Stokers view of the perfect hero, is one that is physically strong but in touch with his feminine side. I believe such a character to be Van Helsing. At the opening of Jonathan Harkers journal it says, God preserve my sanity, and later Dr. Seward says, What does this all mean? I am beginning to wonder if my long habit of life amongst the balmy is beginning to tell upon my own brain.Clearly within the novel, the male characters show signs of tenderness and sensitivity, which would be an imperative trait for a women of the time. Despite this, within the Band of Brothers each individual member have their own personal weakness, and this ag ain parallels to that of a super hero in a comic book, (an exaltation present day hero), how everyone has their own weaknesses, and often all have a universal weakness, eg. Breathing, in a comic world.In this case, the universal weakness of the Band of the Brothers is the shared love and protective nature over their women/partners. I believe that the men in the novel feel threatened by Dracula, who is a absolutely attractive, who is physically powerful, and to a greater extent importantly targeting their women. The men may have felt that this new species may attract their women away from them, since it can be seen that his prey needs some sort of willingness or co-operation for him to act.It is not clear in the novel if Jonathan and Mina have consummated their marriage, since Jonathan was in such a bad present at the time of the wedding, yet later in the play he again shows inadequacies in the chamber department, and can only watch Mina sucking at the chest of Dracula having bee n paralysed by the more dominant figure, Dracula. In the novel, personal and universal strengths and weaknesses are present in the Band of Brothers. Since all the characters concern are human, there is no distinct line between the two, perhaps rather they represent identity of characters.Due to the groups enthusiasm, and their keenness to save their beloved from Dracula, they play directly into the hands of Dracula, and this can be seen in London. This shows that the eager and hunger of the man exploits their weakness of not thinking correctly, rushing into things and a little gullibility. Mina is left alone at the house a sitting duck for Dracula to attack, a thoughtless action showing human weakness. However the group show great trueness and understanding to the task in hand as Van Helsing says, Our toil must be in silence, and our efforts in secret for in this enlightened age

Kantian and Utilitarian Essay

Kant believed in an absolute moral law that he called the Categorical Imperative. It is this imperious that determines our duty. (2) Two formulations of this imperative can be used to determine the morally correct execute that Alistair should choose. The start-off formulation, The Formula of usual Law spot only on that maxim through which you can at the selfsame(prenominal) sentence will that it should become a universal law of nature. (2) Alistair has two doable maxims to act upon. These maxims, if it were universally applicable, ar Any iodine may lie in order to promote increasing human welfare and Everyone always tells the loyalty.The first maxim is contradictory. If people had the option to lie, it negates the system of trust on which the world is built. When, for example, I typeset my capital in the bank, I trust them to keep it safe. If the first maxim was universally accepted, I could not trust without reservation that the bank would keep my money safe be name they would be able to give my money away if they felt it would increase the welfare of those less fortunate. If this was the case, there would be widespread mistrust and, ironically, it would befuddle a negative impact on human welfare.The second maxim is universally applicable and is thus, concord to Kant, the maxim on which to act upon. The second formulation, The Formula of the End in Itself So act as to treat humanity, both in your own person, and in the person of every other, always at the same time as an end, never simply as a means. (2) If Alistair were to withhold the integrity about the bribery, he denies the rationality of the board and denies that there is any rational action for them to perform.He denies them the option to rationally grass a decision on what to do about the military position. In doing this he is using the board that as a means to ensure the delivery of the medicine. According to Kant, for Alistair to use the board as a means in themselves, he would hav e to tell the truth. According to Kants theory, the action of ignoring the bribe fails the first and second formulation of the Categorical Imperative, thus the right thing to do would be to tell the truth to the board of directors. Utalitarian TheoryLooking back at the case study it is clear that, on the one hand, people are receiving inexpensive kits of medicine, the drivers dont get shot and the reputation of the sculptural relief establishment and the director is still intact. On the other hand, the board doesnt know about the bribery, thus the unethical activity cannot be put to a chase away. Utilitarianism is a theory based on consequences, not the action leading to the consequence. This theory holds that we should choose those actions that would result in the greatest amount of good in the worry of the greatest number of people affected by our actions. 1)(4) The good is anything that, directly or indirectly, brings happiness or pleasure. (4) The consequences of each partic ular action is considered to determine which outcome will best serve the greater good. (3) Act Utilitarianism prescribes that every situation be evaluated independently. The action that leads to the greatest net outcome of utility is then considered to be the correct choice. According to this theory, Alistair should choose the action that will maximise happiness and minimise sorrow. Alistair has two possible choices with two different consequences.The first is that Alistair tells the truth about the bribery. The possible outcome of his choice are the pursuit the drivers stop receiving cash and get shot, the contract is terminated and the less fortunate stop receiving their medicine, the director in charge of the contract is fired, and the relief organisation suffers great embarrassment. These are all negative effects and cause great unhappiness. On the other hand, the happiness of the board is increased because they can put a stop to more unethical activity.The second choice that Alistair has to consider is to keep silent and overlook the bribe. This would lead to the situation staying the same (as stated in the case study) and would secure the happiness of the greater good which include the director, the relief organisation, the drivers and the people receiving the medicine. The board of directors would not know about the bribe, so there would be no unhappiness to consider. Considering the consequences of both actions, the happiness of the greater good is maximised when Alistair keeps silent.