Animal Testing (646 words) Essay Example For Students

Animal Testing (646 words) Essay Animal TestingannonEvery year, millions of animals suffer and die in painful tests todetermine the safety ofcosmetics. Substances such as eye shadow and soap are tested onrabbits, rats, guineapigs, dogs, and other animals, despite the fact that the test resultsdon’t help prevent ortreat human illness or injury. Cosmetics are not required to be tested on animals and sincenon-animalalternatives exist, it’s hard to understand why some companies stillcontinue to conductthese tests. Cosmetic companies kill millions of animals every year totry to make a profit. According to the companies that perform these tests, they are done toestablish the safetyof a product and the ingredients. However, the Food and DrugAdministration (FDA)which regulates cosmetic products, does not require animal testing. Some of the testsused on animals are eye irritancy tests, acute toxicity tests, and skinirritancy tests. In eye irritancy tests, a liquid, flake, granule, or powderedsubstance is droppedinto the eyes of a group of albino rabbits. The animals are oftenimmobilized in stocksfrom which only their heads protrude. They usually receive noanesthesia during the tests. After placing the substance into the rabbits eyes, lab techniciansrecord the damage to theeye tissue at specific intervals over an average period of 72 hours. The tests sometimeslast seven to eighteen days. Reactions to the substances includeswollen eyelids,ulceration, bleeding, swollen irises massive deterioration, andblindness. During the tests,rabbits eyelids are usually held open with clips, because of this, manyanimals try to breaktheir necks as they try to escape. Acute toxicity tests, commonly called lethal dose or poisoningtests, determine theamount of a substance that will kill a percentage, even up toone-hundred percent, of agroup of test animals. In these tests, a substance is forced by tubeinto the animalsstomach or through holes cut in their throats. Experimenters observethe animalsreactions which can include convulsions, labored breathing,malnutrition, skin eruptions,and bleeding from the eyes, nose, or mouth. The test was developed in1927 and thetesting continues until at least fifty percent of the animals die(usually takes 2-4 weeks). Like eye irritancy tests, lethal dose tests are unreliable and have toomany variables tohave a constant result. Skin irritancy tests are conducted on rabbits, guinea pigs andother animals. Theprocess involves placing chemicals on the animals raw, shaved skin andcovering the skinwith adhesive plaster. The animals are immobilized in restrainingdevices to prevent themfrom struggling. Meanwhile, laboratory workers apply the chemicalswhich burn into theanimals skin. Alternatives to cosmetic testing are less expensive andgenerally more reliable toperform. Animals have different biological systems than humanstherefore the tests can’tbe as accurate as the current tests. Some alternatives include cellcultures, tissue cultures,corneas from eye banks, and sophisticated computer and mathematicalmodels. Companies can also devise a formula using ingredients already provensafe by the Foodand Drug Administration. Most cruelty-free companies use a combinationof methods toensure the safety of a product. Lobbying by animal welfare groups has resulted in federal,state, and locallegislation severely restricting animal experimentation. For example,under the U.S. Animal welfare act, all animals used in biomedical research must bebought from vendorslicensed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The USDA inspectslaboratories whereanimals are used and enforces federal laws regarding treatment and careof the animals. Biomedical scientists have also taken action to prevent the abuse of theanimals, mostlybecause abused animals may not provide reliable data. The AmericanPhysiologicalSociety, the National Institutes of Health, and many other scientificorganizations havejoined to lay down guidelines for the use and treatment of experimentalanimals. Now,there are also many universities with animal welfare committees. .u6940ecb81c257ebf22165a37db49bf4c , .u6940ecb81c257ebf22165a37db49bf4c .postImageUrl , .u6940ecb81c257ebf22165a37db49bf4c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6940ecb81c257ebf22165a37db49bf4c , .u6940ecb81c257ebf22165a37db49bf4c:hover , .u6940ecb81c257ebf22165a37db49bf4c:visited , .u6940ecb81c257ebf22165a37db49bf4c:active { border:0!important; } .u6940ecb81c257ebf22165a37db49bf4c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6940ecb81c257ebf22165a37db49bf4c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6940ecb81c257ebf22165a37db49bf4c:active , .u6940ecb81c257ebf22165a37db49bf4c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6940ecb81c257ebf22165a37db49bf4c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6940ecb81c257ebf22165a37db49bf4c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6940ecb81c257ebf22165a37db49bf4c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6940ecb81c257ebf22165a37db49bf4c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6940ecb81c257ebf22165a37db49bf4c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6940ecb81c257ebf22165a37db49bf4c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6940ecb81c257ebf22165a37db49bf4c .u6940ecb81c257ebf22165a37db49bf4c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6940ecb81c257ebf22165a37db49bf4c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Research Report About Culinary Arts EssayIn the United States survey by the American Medical Association,it was foundthat 75 percent of Americans are against using animals in cosmetictesting. Hundreds ofcompanies have responded by switching to animal-friendly test methods. To help put anend to animal testing, people can stop buying products that were testedon animals. Youcan also call and write to these companies, or write to yourcongressional representativeabout the alternatives that can be used.

Get E-Commerce And Marketing Solution on Amazon

Question: Discuss seven unique features of Amazon and implementation of seven unique features in Amazon. Answer: Introduction The term e-commerce became very popular with the emergence of new technologies, especially in the internet and computer network sectors. As e-commerce allows easy trading of goods or services over computer, it has become an essential part of most of the business structures. E-commerce organizations such as Amazon and e-Bay are doing exceptional business around the world and complementing traditional commercial buying and selling. The UK has the largest e-commerce market in the world that solely claimed almost 32 percent of European e-commerce sales in the year of 2013 (Azad et al. 2014). According to Huang and Benyoucef (2013), in the year of 2014, almost 80 percent online users accessed online shopping in the UK which was the highest online shopping penetration in Europe. Amazon leads the e-commerce market in the UK with a 16 percent market share while Tesco and eBay holds the second and third position having 9 percent and 8 percent market share respectively (Klaus 2013). Other majo r e-commerce websites of UK are Asos, Play.com, Next and John Lewis. This report will provide detailed information on the seven unique features of Amazon which has helped them to claim this top position in UK market. Seven Unique Features of Amazon Amazon has seven unique features in their website which are ubiquity, global reach, global standards, richness, interactivity, mass of information and customization (Huang and Benyoucef 2013). While some of these features are rightfully implemented and contributed in the success of Amazon, some features are implemented poorly. Figure 1: Seven Unique features of Amazon (Source: Huang and Benyoucef 2013) Ubiquity Ubiquity indicates that commercial transactions or any other activities related to a website are available everywhere such as workplaces, at home and on the mobile devices. Amazon.com is such a website that is not only available in pc platforms, but also available on all mobile platforms such as android, iphone and windows (Ritala et al. 2014). Besides, the connectivity of their server is so powerful that customers can access to the sites of Amazon at any time. This ubiquity or availability of Amazon is helping the consumers to reduce the transaction cost that is the cost of participating in the offline markets. Amazon is not only available in the UK, but also in countries like U.S., Canada, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Japan, China and India (Klaus 2013). Therefore, the consumers can purchase goods from other countries too. Besides, the website of Amazon can stay connected to Facebook, Google+ and Twitter. Global reach Global reach of Amazon permits the consumers to execute commercial transactions from various countries that make this e-commerce site more convenient. Therefore, it can be said that the authority of the organization has several e-commerce merchants who are helping the website to become a popular and global market place (Berinsky et al. 2012). As Amazon.com is the ubiquity website, people in the whole world can go through this website and can carry out transactions without any obstacle. Global standards The standards of Amazon.com are higher than any other e-commerce site in the world which is shared by all the nations around the world. The global technical standards of Amazon are a great lower market entry cost that states the merchants must pay the costs of the goods that they bring to the market. Besides, the high standards of this site provides free search for all of their customers which means less effort to find the suitable products (Dong et al. 2013). In their website, Amazon has put the entire price and product related descriptions in a simpler and a accurate way. Richness The complexity and content of a message is known as the richness of that message. In the early days, conventional market had a great richness, as they were able to provide face-to-face services using aural and visual cue. This richness of the conventional markets helped the organizations to create a strong commercial environment. However, the e-commerce websites has brought a significant change in the traditional trade-off between richness and reach. According to Resca and Spagnoletti (2014), Amazon authorities believe that richness in the message depends on the amount of people they can reach. That means, the larger the people reached, the less rich the message. In any website of Amazon, detailed descriptions are provided for each product so that consumers can easily decide whether to buy it or not. Besides, Amazon also allows the sellers to communicate with the consumers to promote and explain the products to them. Interactivity Interactivity is one of the most important factors in e-commerce. For organizations like Amazon, it is difficult to implement face-to-face interaction with the consumers. Therefore, authority of Amazon is allowing their online merchants to attract the customer in the ways that are similar to face-to-face experience (Kousha and Thelwall 2015). Amazon website has developed a community that can do any announcement, enquiry and discussion between each other to understand the products properly. In this way, buyers and sellers can communicate with other in spite of staying at different countries. Density of information Information density allows the marketers to receive a huge amount of quality information on the products. Information density also allows to reduce the information cost and to increase the quality of the information to make it more relevant and useful (Skalicky 2013). Amazon websites are full of information such as detail outline of the product with its image so that consumers do not have to pay any costs to search the details from any other place. Customization Customization helps the merchants to target their marketing messages to the consumers based on their previous purchases and interests. Amazon follows this customization style to send marketing messages to different consumers who are the registered members in their system. Besides, Amazon also allows the consumers to create their wish list (Resca and Spagnoletti 2014). Wish list helps the merchants to understand the interests of the consumers therefore; they can send messages related to that wish list to the consumers. Implementation of seven unique features in Amazon Amazon authority and management has successfully implemented all the seven unique features in their websites to make it one of the most popular e-commerce sites in the world. However, it is seen that they failed to implement all of those features successfully (Muhammad et al. 2013). Some of those seven features are poorly implemented in Amazon websites. For example, ubiquity is implemented perfectly in Amazon websites because in many countries consumers can connect with each other and can buy products. Besides, consumers can also compare the products with other products to find out the best options for them. However, the interactivity is implemented poorly in Amazon websites. The chat provided in Amazon websites are not real time chat. The community is allowed to do announcements and enquiries between each other. However, sometimes consumers have to wait for the seller to do the reply which is considered as an inconvenience (Turban et al. 2015). Therefore, it is highly recommended that the authority of Amazon must enhance their system and allow the consumers to chat in a real time system like Facebook. In that way, they will be able to talk to sellers directly and will be able to get quick replies. However, it is also true that handling millions of consumers via chat is not an easy task to do. Therefore, neither the authority nor the advisers have any clue on this issue. Besides, the authority of Amazon must also think about global reach. It is true that Amazon facilities are directly available in 13 countries and last year the management recorded transaction from 185 countries (Resca an d Spagnoletti 2014). However, in the countries where the website is not directly available, the consumers had to wait longer to receive their products. Therefore, it can be said that the authority will also need to improve their global reach to hold their market position as e-commerce websites like eBay is already giving them tough competition. Conclusion In the conclusion it can be said that the main advantage of Amazon is there lower price structure. Amazon authority could keep the warehouse and staff costs lower which has helped them to offer products at a lower cost than other e-commerce websites. Second advantage is consumers can access to Amazon websites via any platform and from anywhere. However, Amazon is also facing some challenges and issues. E-commerce websites such as eBay and Tesco are slowly but steadily reducing the gap between them and Amazon. However, Amazon failed to improve their services in recent times. Therefore, they will have to work on their drawbacks to hold their position as a number one e-commerce website in UK. It is strongly recommended that they should improve their interaction system in order to communicate with their customers in a more frequent manner. They can also use social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter to communicate with existing and potential customers in different countries. References Azad, A.K.M., Islam, M.K. and Hoque, M.S., 2014. An analysis of popularity of Consumer to Consumer websites. International Journal of Advanced Computer Research, 4(3), p.828. Berinsky, A.J., Huber, G.A. and Lenz, G.S., . Evaluating online labor markets for experimental research: Amazon. com's Mechanical Turk. Political Analysis, 20(3), pp.351-368. Dong, R., O'Mahony, M.P., Schaal, M., McCarthy, K. and Smyth, B., 2013, October. Sentimental product recommendation. In Proceedings of the 7th ACM conference on Recommender systems (pp. 411-414). ACM. Huang, Z. and Benyoucef, M., 2013. From e-commerce to social commerce: A close look at design features.Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,12(4), pp.246-259. Klaus, P., 2013. The case of Amazon. com: towards a conceptual framework of online customer service experience (OCSE) using the emerging consensus technique (ECT). Journal of Services Marketing, 27(6), pp.443-457. Kousha, K. and Thelwall, M., 2015. Can Amazon. com reviews help to assess the wider impacts of books?. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. Muhammad, M., Muhammad, M.R. and Khalil, K.M., 2013. Towards shariah compliant ecommerce transactions: A review of Amazon. com. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 15(9), pp.1229-1236. Resca, A. and Spagnoletti, P., 2014. Business Development Through Digital Transformation: The Evolution of Amazon. Com. InInformation Systems, Management, Organization and Control(pp. 163-177). Springer International Publishing. Ritala, P., Golnam, A. and Wegmann, A., 2014. Coopetition-based business models: The case of Amazon. com. Industrial Marketing Management, 43(2), pp.236-249. Skalicky, S., 2013. Was this analysis helpful? A genre analysis of the Amazon. com discourse community and its most helpful product reviews. Discourse, Context Media, 2(2), pp.84-93. Turban, E., King, D., Lee, J.K., Liang, T.P. and Turban, D.C., 2015. Business-to-Business E-Commerce. In Electronic Commerce (pp. 161-207). Springer International Publishing.

An Existentialist View of The essays

An Existentialist View of The essays An Existentialist View of The Sweet Hereafter Jean-Paul Sartres concepts have always fascinated critical thinkers and creative artists alike. In this paper I am going to evaluate his many topics and schools of thought as explained in the book Ten Theories of Human Nature by Leslie Stevenson. I intend to specifically explore the concepts of good and bad faith using examples from Atom Egoyans film, The Sweet Hereafter. I shall draw existential parallels between Sartres concepts and Egoyans in order to point out certain motivations that are found within the characters of Egoyans film. I will especially focus on the films main characters and how the concept of community versus outsiders affects them Jean-Paul Sartre defines the universe as being absurd and without God. He denies the existence of God merely because he feels that the responsibility of a mans life belongs in the hands of himself and nothing else. Sartre believes that if man believed in the existence of God, he would not try to make his life meaningful knowing that he had God as a safety net. Therefore, once man denies the existence of God and realizes that he has to depend on himself and only himself for his survival, he will be forced to take his existence into his own hands and make it meaningful. In Atom Egoyans film, The Sweet Hereafter, the small town community of Sam Dent is faced with an existential crisis. After a school bus accident kills nearly all of the towns children, a lawyer is called in to represent certain families who wish to receive monetary compensation for the loss of their children. This creates tension between the families that wish to seek legal mediation and those who wish to solve the pro blem within the community, with no outsiders, like always. The lawyer, Mitchell Stevens, is this outsider that plagues many characters in the film. Before the bus accident, the members of the town of Sam Den...

Free Essays on Illinois Indians

The Illinois Indians The Illinois Indians lived in the large area of the Midwest. They lived in present state of Illinois and parts of Missouri, Arkansas, Iowa and Wisconsin. Many are now located in Oklahoma. I will be talking about the history, there daily lives, and trying to get rid of the Illinois. By the mid 1600's the majority of the Illinois lived along the river that eventually was named after them. The Illinois waged war with the Winnebago, and although they won, they were weakened. A series of wars with the Iroquois followed, which seriously weakened the Illinois. In 1680, the Iroquois invaded a large settlement of the Illinois that stood near the mouth of the Vermilion River. The Illinois also fought the Fox, which contributed to the overall decline of the Illinois Confederacy. The final set of wars the Illinois fought were the Chickasaw wars, where the Illinois allied themselves with the French. This war was a offset for both the Illinois and the French. It seems that the Illinois had settled along the Illinois River largely because the Sac, Fox and other northern tribes had driven them out of the northern territories. There was not a lot of documentation on the life of the Illinois tribe, they are known for their expertise in weaving baskets. The Illinois’ grew corn and hunted buffalo. That mostly covered their food supply. Several families would share a bark-covered cabin with an arched roof. Both men and women of the tribe tattooed their bodies, and the warriors shaved most of their heads, leaving a scalp lock and some hair in front and behind each ear. The Illinois were loyal to the French in the French wars, first against neighboring tribes and later against the English. After the American Revolution ended in 1783, the United States government had difficulty in subduing the Illinois, although the tribes had already been greatly weakened by struggles with the Iroquois in the 17th century and with the t... Free Essays on Illinois Indians Free Essays on Illinois Indians The Illinois Indians The Illinois Indians lived in the large area of the Midwest. They lived in present state of Illinois and parts of Missouri, Arkansas, Iowa and Wisconsin. Many are now located in Oklahoma. I will be talking about the history, there daily lives, and trying to get rid of the Illinois. By the mid 1600's the majority of the Illinois lived along the river that eventually was named after them. The Illinois waged war with the Winnebago, and although they won, they were weakened. A series of wars with the Iroquois followed, which seriously weakened the Illinois. In 1680, the Iroquois invaded a large settlement of the Illinois that stood near the mouth of the Vermilion River. The Illinois also fought the Fox, which contributed to the overall decline of the Illinois Confederacy. The final set of wars the Illinois fought were the Chickasaw wars, where the Illinois allied themselves with the French. This war was a offset for both the Illinois and the French. It seems that the Illinois had settled along the Illinois River largely because the Sac, Fox and other northern tribes had driven them out of the northern territories. There was not a lot of documentation on the life of the Illinois tribe, they are known for their expertise in weaving baskets. The Illinois’ grew corn and hunted buffalo. That mostly covered their food supply. Several families would share a bark-covered cabin with an arched roof. Both men and women of the tribe tattooed their bodies, and the warriors shaved most of their heads, leaving a scalp lock and some hair in front and behind each ear. The Illinois were loyal to the French in the French wars, first against neighboring tribes and later against the English. After the American Revolution ended in 1783, the United States government had difficulty in subduing the Illinois, although the tribes had already been greatly weakened by struggles with the Iroquois in the 17th century and with the t...

The Presence of Clocks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Presence of Clocks - Essay Example Understanding the importance of the actual meaning before making any sort of judgment tends to be imperative when dissecting an observation. It makes it easier by thinking about the meaning because human brain automatically attempts to understand the meaning when the sentence is processed, much like a scrolling marquee. For instance, from reading the statement about the absence of clocks, it comes off as an observation, but after further investigation, it is clear that owners of malls and grocery stores understand that customers often lose track of time when they are distracted. It is proven that casinos strategically do not place clocks because the casinos â€Å"aren’t about to assist people in keeping them punctual† (Kjsem), and without the concern of time, people lose their sense of responsibility and continue with their current activity. Even dealers in the casino are advised not to wear a watch, so asking for the time is irrelevant for customers. This is also relev ant for any retail sale location. From the owner's point of view, this is a business strategy; however, the customers will dislike the strategy if they realize the actual meaning of their intentions of having no clocks.

Cultural Diversity Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Systems Engineering for Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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